Ch.12 Structural Systems Flashcards
Type of structure consisting of steel, concrete, or timber column supporting a grade of beams on which the flooring is applied. Country concrete structures may consist of concrete columns supporting concrete for slabs. Solid concrete walls are typically used as a lateral sheer walls to transfer lateral mode, such as wind and seismic forces, to the foundation. In areas were building code require a seismic design iMessages California, diagonal steel bracing is often used in place of water in addition to concrete walls for lateral seismic support.
Post and beam construction
What are the two most common steel structural systems
beam and girder and open web steel joist
In the structural system large members, call girders, span between columns, and smaller beams are framed into them. Girders fan shorter distances because they carry the water weight of the beams. The beam spans the longer distances and are framed into the girders. Typical spans for the system or 25 feet to 40 feet, with the beam spaced about 8 to 10 feet on center. The steel framing is usually covered with a steel decking, which bands between the beams. A concrete topping is poured over the decking to complete the floor slab. This type of construction is commonly found in mid to high rise office buildings
Beam and girder system
Joists stay in between beams or bearing walls, also shown in the figure. Various types of open Web joists and span from 20 feet up to 140 feet. Depth range from 8 inches to 72 inches. joists are typically spaced 2 to 6 feet on center. As with a beam on girder system, steel decking span between a joist, and concrete slab is poured on top of the decking.
Open web steel joist system
Where are open Web steel Joyce typically located
In one story or low rise buildings with a wide calm spacing.
What are the two primary types of concrete structural systems
Precast and cast in place
But this time concrete structural system concrete is poured into forms red hardens before the forms are removed.
Cast in place
What this type of concrete structural system components are usually formed in a plant and shipped to the job site, where they are set in place and rigidly connected to. Form the structure
Precast
Steel cables within the concrete or tightened after the concrete sets, creating extra compression forces in the beginning or slab. 
Post tensioned 
What are the five basic cast in place systems
Beam and girder system, concrete joist system, flat plate construction, flat slab construction, and waffle slab system
This concrete system functions in a manner so similar to a steel system in which the slab is supported by intermediate beans, which I carried by larger girders. The slab is poured integrally with the beams
Beam and girder system
This concrete system is compromised of concrete members page 24 or 36 inches apart, running in one direction, which frame into larger beams. The slabs of support integrally with the joist. Because their choice are close together, it is more difficult to drill holes for small pipes and conduits.
Concrete joist system
This type of concrete system consists of a floor slab is designed and reinforced to transfer loads directly to the columns, which generally do not exceed 25 feet spacing. This type of construction is commonly used in situations where floor to floor height must be kept to a minimum. Because of the closely space reinforcing required, it is often difficult, but not impossible to drill these types of floors for electrical Service or small pipes
Flat plate construction
With this type of concrete construction it is similar to flat plate, except the drop panels are used to increase strength. Sometimes the truncated pyramids or cones are used instead of drop panels.
Flat slab construction
This type of concrete system can provide support for heavy loads at slightly longer spans than flat slab system. These slabs are often left exposed, with lighting integrated into the coffers.
Waffle slab system
What are the precast concrete shapes
Single tee, double tee, hollow core slab
Popular forms of precast construction because they can simultaneously serve as beam and floor decking in our easy and fast to erect.
Single and Double tees
What type of construction is commonly found in industrial buildings, one and two-story commercial buildings, and parking garages
Double tee 
In contemporary construction, this is generally limited loadbearing walls. This includes a brick and concrete block, but due to high cost of brick, nearly all of this type of structure walls are both of concrete block. Rick is generally limited to use as a veneer Overwood schedules or over concrete block walls.
Masonry
 what are other names for concrete masonry unit
Concrete block, concrete unit masonry, CMU
What is one of the most common sizes for CMU
8 x 8 x 16“ which is actually 7 5/8 wide and 15 5/8 long
These type of war support loads from above. These include live loads, such as people in furniture and dad but such as weight of the structure itself. This type of war maybe concrete, masonry, or wood framing. Because if their nature is structural support, these type of walls cannot be moved were removed and can only be pierced for doors and other openings if the top of the opening it’s framed with an adequately engineered lintel or beam
load bearing wall
What type of load is people and furniture
Live load
What type of word is just the weight of the structure itself
Dead load
Which walls are usually loadbearing in residential construction
The walls under the eaves of the roof or the exterior walls
Where are the loadbearing walls in most high-rise commercial buildings
The building core
In smaller commercial buildings what type of walls are almost always loadbearing
Masonry and concrete
What are the three major building load types
Gravity, lateral, and dynamic
This type of building load includes dead loads and live loads 
Gravity loads 
Vertical is due to the way to the building and any permanent equipment. These include such things as columns, beams, exterior and interior walls, floors, chandeliers and mechanical equipment. Building structures are designed initially to support all of these loads. Even though the interior designer will plan interior partitioning and other construction elements that change these words, the original design of the building considers these normal on an average square foot basis that is in the initial design, and allowances made for interior partitioning.
Dead load
These words include the weight of people, furniture, and other movable equipment. Buildings are originally designed to accommodate a particular amount of uniform live waves. Which is established by building codes for different occupancies.
Live loads
These types of words include wind loads an earthquake clothes. As with dead loads, these are provided for in the original design of the building. However, they may need to be taken into account if interior construction elements will be attached to the structure of the building or are required by code to resist earthquake loads
Lateral loads 
What is the load called when a force is only applied suddenly
Impact load
When a load is applied suddenly and changes rapidly
Dynamic load
A 2 to 4 inch round hole drilled through the concrete the special hollow drillbit.
Core drill
What is one of the most common types of floor and with construction
Concrete on metal decking
Horizontal repetitive members used to support the floor
Joist
What is nailed to the outside of the stud wall to step in the wall and provide a nailing days for the exterior finish material
Sheathing
What is brick veneer held to the sheathing with
Corrugated metal strips
What are the typical sizes for headers or lintels 
Double 2 x 4, 2 x 6, or 2 x 8
What does wants to hire placed on a soul played at the bottom and band with a double top plate at the ceiling level. The second floor joist bear on the top plate and, when the second floor she thing is in place, serve as a platform on which to a wrecked the second story stud walls and roof.
Platform framing
Built up from a number of individual pieces of lumber, which are glued together and finished under factory conditions for use as beams, columns, purlins, and other structural components. Gluelams are used when larger would members required for heavy loads
Glued laminated wood members or glulams 
This type of joist is used in residential and like commercial construction and allows for longer spans then are possible with a solid wood joist system. It has a very efficient structural shape, like a steel wide flange beam, and because it is manufactured in a factory, problems such as warping, splits, checks, and other common wood defects are eliminated. This product is stronger and stiffer than a standard wood joist. Its uses increasing because straight, good quality, solid joists are becoming more expensive and difficult to find. Within limits, holes can be drilled into the web to accommodate small pipes and electrical wiring.
I shaped joist
Another manufactured product is wood member manufactured with individual layers of thin veneer glued together. It is used primarily for headers over large openings, and Singley or built up for beams. It is stronger than solid lumber of the same dimensions.
Laminated veneer lumber or LVL
Hey saddle shaped projection honest living refused to divert water around an obstacle
A cricket
The amount of slope on a roof is designated by this, which is the number of inches of rise for every 12 inches of horizontal projection or run.
Pitch
A machine used to cut a small opening in a concrete floor for conduit or poke through electrical outlets.
Core drill
In a high-rise building, the wall generally used as part of a structure of the building and surrounding the common building services, such as elevator and stairway shafts, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms, and the like.
Core wall
That stud above a door opening or below a windowsill
Cripple stud
Light gauge sheets of steel that are ribbed, fluted, otherwise different body shape for use in constructing a floor or roof
Decking
A mixture of Portland cement, water, and sand containing enough water to allow it to be poured or pumped into joints, spaces, and cracks within Masonary walls.
Grout
A framing member that crosses and supports the ends of Joyce, transferring the weight of the joist to parallel joints.
Header
A horizontal structural member over an opening that carries the weight of the wall above it
Lintel 
The plywood or particleboard covering placed over exterior studying or rafters of a building that provides strength and a base for the application of wall or roof cladding
Sheathing
A horizontal wood member that serves as a base for the studs in a stud partition
Sole plate
A wood member in a floor or roof used to support a header
Trimmer
A structural beam of steel having a shape where cross-section resembles the letter H. It has a wider flange beam then and I beam. These beans are used for beams as well as columns because they’re shaped gives them approximately equal strength in both directions
Wide flange beam
