CH 7: Exercise in orthopedic disorders, balance proprioception, neuromuscular control, coordination, mechanoreceptors

Question 1

What should be addressed during posttrauma or postoperative rehabilitation?

Answer 1

• Lost strength
• Pain, swelling
• Flexibility
• Local muscular endurance
• Building cardiovascular fitness
• Gait and balance

Question 2

What should be addressed to promote synchronous, fluid, and stable motor function of the injured segment?

Answer 2

Motor control and neuromuscular elements

Question 3

What is the ability to maintain the center of body mass over the base of support?

Answer 3

Balance

Question 4

What is the are contained within the parts of the body making physical contact with the external environment; not fixed

Answer 4

Base of support

Question 5

What refers to balancing all forces acting on the body’s center of mass to maintain the COM within the limits of stability with optimal joint segment alignment?

Answer 5

Postural equilibrium

Question 6

What are forces that effect postural equilibrium?

Answer 6

• Gravity
• Unexpected perturbations (stumbling)
• Performance of voluntary motor activities (picking up a bag of groceries)

Question 7

How is postural equilibrium maintained?

Answer 7

Accomplished by postural control system, collection of sensory sources (somatosensory, vision, and vestibular), CNS, and musculoskeletal system

Question 8

What has been defined as the ability to produce patterns of body and limb motions in the context of environmental objects and events?

Answer 8

Coordination

Question 9

What is vital for neuromuscular control?

Answer 9

Proprioception

Question 10

What refers to the subconscious activation of muscles occurring in preparation for and in response to joint motion and loading?

Answer 10

Neuromuscular control

Question 11

What are the three afferent information elements of proprioception?

Answer 11

• Sensory (afferent) info regarding joint position
• Movement (kinesthesia)
• Movement resistance, tension

Question 12

Putting the joint in different positions, add movement, and load it describes what?

Answer 12

Proprioception

Question 13

What are sensory receptors that are responsible for converting mechanical events (movement, tension) into neural signals that can be conveyed to CNS?

Answer 13

Mechanoreceptors

Question 14

Where are mechanoreceptors located?

Answer 14

Muscle
Tendon
Ligament
Joint capsules
Skin
Connective (fascial) test

Question 15

What has specific stimuli (light touch v tissue lightening)?

Answer 15

Mechanoreceptors

Question 16

What has its own thresholds (magnitude of stimuli required) to which it will respond?

Answer 16

Mechanoreceptors

Question 17

What are the mechanoreceptors located in the musculotendinous tissues?

Answer 17

Muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Question 18

What are most susceptible to disruption during orthopedic injury include receptors located in musculotendinous tissues, ligaments, and joint capsules?

Answer 18

Mechanoreceptors

Question 19

What is responsible for conveying information regarding muscle length and rate of length change?

Answer 19

Muscle spindles

Question 20

What has adjustable sensitivity via gamma motor neurons?

Answer 20

Muscle spindles

Question 21

What is responsible for conveying information regarding muscle tension?

Answer 21

GTO

Question 22

Ruffini receptors, pacinian corpuscles, golgi-tendon like endings, and free nerve endings are located?

Answer 22

Ligaments and joint capsules

Question 23

What provides the CNS with information about the speed of joint position, movement, and host tissue load levels?

Answer 23

Ruffini receptors
pacinian corpuscles
golgi tendon-like endings, free nerve endings