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PTA 230 (Ortho) > CH 4: Stretching > Flashcards

CH 4: Stretching Flashcards

1
Q

What involves elongating the muscles and tendons to the end of available ROM

A

Stretching

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2
Q

How do we produce a stretch?

A

Applying a tensile force to the muscle resulting in transient deformation and elongating the musculotendinous unit

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3
Q

What influences the mechanical behavior of connective tissue?

A
  • Amount of collagen available
  • Amount of stretching occurring
  • Type of connective tissue present
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4
Q

What is the main goal of stretching?

A

To increase flexibility to increase ROM

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5
Q

What relates to a tissues ability to resist stretch and indicates the amount of deformation proportional to the load applied?

A

Stiffness

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6
Q

What does the stiffer the tissue mean?

A

Less compliance, less likely to stress

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7
Q

What happens when we decrease tissue stiffness?

A

Greater compliance to stretching

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8
Q

What can flexibility training help with?

A

Decreasing stiffness in the muscle-tendon unit

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9
Q

Where does most of the resistance to stretching most likely occur?

A

Connective tissue framework and sheathing from within and around the muscle

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10
Q

How much can a muscle be stretched past its resting length?

A

150%

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11
Q

What is an accommodation to the discomfort of stretching over time?

A

Stretch tolerance

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12
Q

What is the aim of stretching?

A
  • Inhibit reflex activity
  • Decreasing resistance
  • Improving ROM
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13
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors responsible for contractile responses?

A

Muscle spindles and GTO

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14
Q

What is necessary to help prepare the tissue for activity?

A

Warm up

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15
Q

What is the purpose of warm-up exercises including stretching?

A

To prepare the body for the stresses it will encounter during an activity of sport and is necessary for increasing core body temp

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16
Q

What is produced with muscle contraction, increasing intramuscular temperature?

A

Heat

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17
Q

What can a warmed muscle do compared to a cold muscle?

A
  • Increased ROM
  • Contract more forcefully
  • Relax more quickly
  • Enhance work production of muscles
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18
Q

What are the beneficial effects of a warm-up before strenuous activity?

A
  • Blood flow increases
  • Temp increases
  • Cardiovascular response to sudden, dynamic exercise improved
  • Breakdown of oxyhemoglobin for delivery of oxygen to working muscle is increases
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19
Q

What is reduced with warm up?

A

Risk of connective tissue and contractile tissue damage

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20
Q

How long do warm-up protocols last?

A

10-25 minutes

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21
Q

What is the most common form of stretching used to increase the ROM in a joint safely?

A

Static stretching

22
Q

What type of stretching allows on to sustain a controlled stretch by placing a muscle in a fully elongated position and holding that position for a period of time?

A

Static stretching

23
Q

What type of static stretch implies that the force is applied externally?

A

Passive

24
Q

What type of static stretch occurs when opposing muscle action is use to aid the stretch?

A

Active

25
Q

What are the advantages of static stretching?

A
  • Reduced chance of exceeding strain limits
  • Reduced energy requirements
  • Reduced potential for muscle soreness
  • Easy to stretch
26
Q

What are the general goals of static stretching?

A
  • Prevent or minimize risk of soft-tissue injury
  • Improve movement
  • Increase flexibility
  • Prevent contracture
27
Q

What is the least desirable type of stretching?

A

Ballistic

28
Q

What type of stretching places the tissue at risk by using jerking or bouncing movements at the end of the ROM exercise to stretch the muscles?

A

Ballistic

29
Q

What type of stretch increases the risk of connective tissue and contractile tissue trauma?

A

Ballistic

30
Q

What type of stretch stimulates muscle spindles during stretch resulting in continuous resistance to further stretch causing a high rate of tension strong enough to injure the musculotendinous unit?

A

Ballistic

31
Q

What type of stretching uses a muscular contraction to stretch the muscle?

A

Dynamic

32
Q

What type of stretching increases or decreases the joint angle where the muscle crosses, thereby elongating the unit at the end of ROM?

A

Dynamic

33
Q

What type of stretching uses activity-specific movements that prepare muscles for a particular sport?

A

Dynamic

34
Q

What type of stretching has all movements under control?

A

Dynamic

35
Q

What is a system of therapy that uses different techniques designed to promote neuromuscular responses via stimulation of proprioceptive system?

A

PNF

36
Q

What uses movements in a diagonal patterns along with an isometric contraction before the stretch?

A

PNF

37
Q

What uses volitional contractions to increase ROM by decreasing resistance caused by spinal reflex pathways?

A

PNF

38
Q

What is based on the stretch reflex and appears to increase ROM through stimulation of proprioreceptors?

A

PNF

39
Q

What pathway are inhibitory sensory receptors located within the musculotendinous junction that signal tension in a muscle?

A

GTO

40
Q

What pathway results in self-inhibition (autogenic) and also signal minute changes in muscle tension, providing info about muscle contraction?

A

GTO

41
Q

What pathway are excitatory specialized within the muscle that are sensitive to changes in muscle length and maintenance of length?

A

Muscle spindles

42
Q

What do muscle spindles do when a muscle is stretched?

A

Send messages to the spinal cord, which signals the muscle to contract

43
Q

What is the most classical clinical demonstration of the stretch reflex?

A

Tapping patellar tendon

44
Q

What are some disadvantages of PNF?

A
  • More time consuming
  • Required skilled training to be effective
  • May lead to complaints of patient discomfort
45
Q

How long should we hold a static stretch?

A

15-30 seconds; 3-5 times

46
Q

What should patients not exceed?

A

Their pain limits

47
Q

How many weeks of stretching is needed to demonstrate significant increases in muscular flexibility?

A

6

48
Q

How many times a week should stretching occur to see improvements?

A

3

49
Q

How many times should we stretch to maintain flexibility?

A

1

50
Q

What PNF technique initiates autogenic inhibition while the patient actively moves the limb to end of pain-free motion; isometrically contracts against force applied at end ROM for 5-8 seconds as resistance is slowly increased; patient relaxes; actively stretches limb through new limits of motion?

A

Hold-relax technique

51
Q

What PNF technique instructs patient to relax affected muscle while therapist passively moves limb to limit of motion; actively contract restricted muscle (antagonist) against manually applied resistance for 5-8 seconds; relax and move limb passively through new range; hold stretch for 10 sec?

A

Contract-relax

52
Q

What PNF technique is a contraction of opposite (agonist) muscles instead of shortened or restricted muscles; limb is taken to point of stretch and applies manual resistance against muscle for 5-8 seconds; relaxed while muscle concentrically contracts; holds new position for 10 seconds?

A

Contract relax with agonist contraction

PTA 230 (Ortho) (55 decks)

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