CH 5: vocab Flashcards
A thin protein that, with myosin, is actively involved with the mechanics of muscular contraction
Actin
Shrinking or wasting of muscle fiber size as a result of lack of use or disease
Atrophy
Exercise performed while distal portion of the exercising segment is weight bearing of fixed
CKC (closed kinetic chain) exercise
A type of contraction in which tension is produced and shortening of the muscle takes place
Concentric
Muscle soreness that is secondary to exercise, characterized by increasing pain or discomfort during the subsequent 24-72 hours that subsides within a few days
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
A type of contraction in which tension is produced and lengthening of muscle takes places
Eccentric
A noncontractile connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Endomysium
Noncontractile connective tissue that surrounds the body of an individual muscle
Epimysium
Bundles of fibers within the muscle that are surrounded by perimysium
Fasciculi
Anaerobic muscle fibers that contract at higher speed that type I muscle fibers and with more force
Fast-twitch (Type II, white glycolytic) muscle fibers
Mainly used in activities that require speed, strength, and power
Fast-twitch (Type II, white glycolytic) muscle fibers
The compensatory increase in individual muscle fiber size as a result of increases in and synthesis of the contractile proteins actin and myosin
Hypertrophy
A type of contraction in which tension is produced, but no joint movement or action takes place
Isometric
Threadlike fibrils within muscle fibers that are composed of myofilaments
Myofibrils
A thick protein that with actin is actively involved with the mechanics of muscular contraction
Myosin
Exercise performed while the distal segment moves freely in space
OKC (open kinetic chain) exercise
A noncontractile connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi
Perimysium
A system of exercising that uses the stretch reflex to develop muscle contraction speed
Plyometrics
Time rate doing work: Work/Time
Power
The practical application of the overload principle to improve muscular strength and size; resistance is gradually and continually increased to keep pace with strength gains as training progresses
Progressive resistance exercise (PRE)
A principle that in part defines adaptations and alterations in response in highly specific demands
Specific adaptations to imposed demands (SAID) principle
Aerobic muscle that have relatively low myosin-ATPase and glycolytic activity and slower calcium handling ability and shortening speed; specialized for muscular endurance activities
Slow twitch (type I, red oxidative) muscle fibers
The ability of a muscle to generate force
Strength
The maximum force generated by a single muscle or related muscle group
Strength
The condition of a muscle being stretching or strained
Tension
The result or product of a force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves
Work
Force * Distance
Work
