CH 5: Muscle contraction types, muscle response, DOMS, VelocityS,

Question 1

What is characterized by the amount of tension the contraction produces and the amount of energy liberated (ATP use) by the contraction?

Answer 1

Muscle contraction

Question 2

What is the amount of tension developed per unit of contractile tissue?

Answer 2

Force of contraction

Question 3

What muscle contraction uses the least ATP?

Answer 3

Eccentric

Question 4

What muscle contraction uses the most ATP?

Answer 4

Concentric

Question 5

What is the progression of maximal force production from least to most?

Answer 5

Concentric
Isometric
Eccentric

Question 6

What is the progression with relative amounts of ATP used in muscle contraction?

Answer 6

Eccentric
Isometric
Concentric

Question 7

What muscle contraction is more energy efficient?

Answer 7

Eccentric

Question 8

What muscle contraction produces greater tension per contractile unit?

Answer 8

Eccentric

Question 9

What muscle contraction stimulates both contractile and noncontractile elements?

Answer 9

Eccentric

Question 10

What muscle contraction focuses on contractile elements?

Answer 10

Concentric

Isometric

Question 11

What increases with use and are lost if not used?

Answer 11

Function

Question 12

Intensity, duration, frequency are all related to?

Answer 12

Functional capacity

Question 13

What are the two categories of muscle mutability?

Answer 13

Hypertrophic

Atrophic

Question 14

What is the stimuli for adaptive changes in skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

Frequency, intensity, duration

Question 15

What principle of training is the guiding principle of exercise prescription?

Answer 15

Overload principle

Question 16

What principle occurs when application of load exceeds metabolic capacity of the muscle; muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater than its accustomed to?

Answer 16

Overload principle

Question 17

What principle defines specific adaptations and alterations in response to highly specific demands?

Answer 17

Specific Adaptations in imposed demands (SAID) principle

Question 18

What principle after energy uses muscle reeducation helping the patient to adapt and prepare for return to function?

Answer 18

Specific Adaptations in Imposed Demands (SAID) Principle

Question 19

What is the training of a patient in a specific manner to produce a specific adaptation or training outcome?

Answer 19

Specificity

Question 20

What principle dictates that the intensity of program must become progressively greater to continue to make gains?

Answer 20

Progression Principle

Question 21

What principle describes the carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another?

Answer 21

Transfer of training principle

Question 22

What principle indicates that changes in the body’s systems are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or a person participates in a maintenance program?

Answer 22

Reversibility principle

Question 23

What principle indicates changes are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used?

Answer 23

Reversibility principle

Question 24

What principle can begin 1-2 weeks after cessation of exercises?

Answer 24

Reversibility principle

Question 25

What fibers respond more favorably to low-intensity, high volume exercise?

Answer 25

Type I Slow twitch

Question 26

What type of exercise is repetitive and gross muscle movements occur?

Answer 26

High-volume, low-intensity (bicycling, running, swimming, rowing)

Question 27

What is an increase in muscle fiber size as a result of increases in and synthesis of the contractile proteins (actin and myosin)?

Answer 27

Hypertrophy

Question 28

What muscle fibers increase more during hypertrophy?

Answer 28

Type II (Fast twitch)

Question 29

What is the development of new muscle fibers or fiber splitting; may occur in response to high-intensity strength training programs?

Answer 29

Hyperplasia

Question 30

What are symptoms of DOMS?

Answer 30

Pain
Swelling
Tenderness
Reduced ROM
Stiffness

Question 31

What are the 5 general theories concerning the process of DOMS?

Answer 31

• Latic acid theory
• Torn tissue theory
• Tonic muscle spasms theory
• Connective tissue damage theory
• Tissue fluid theory

Question 32

What is the efficacy of rest with DOMS?

Answer 32

None

Question 33

What is the efficacy of NSAIDS with DOMS?

Answer 33

Highly successful

Question 34

What is the efficacy of steroidal antinflammatory drugs with DOMS?

Answer 34

Moderate successful

Question 35

What is the efficacy of electrical stimulation with DOMS?

Answer 35

Proposed only

Question 36

What is the efficacy of exercise with DOMS?

Answer 36

Highly successful

Question 37

What is the efficacy of TENS with DOMS?

Answer 37

Highly successful

Question 38

What is the efficacy of stretching with DOMS?

Answer 38

Mixed success

Question 39

What is the efficacy of Iontophoresis with DOMS?

Answer 39

Not successful

Question 40

What is the efficacy of cryotherapy with DOMS?

Answer 40

Not successful

Question 41

What is the efficacy of calcium antagonists with DOMS?

Answer 41

Proposed only

Question 42

The higher velocity contractions used with isokinetic exercise allows for the following?

Answer 42

• Improved functional speeds of contraction
• Reduced joint compression forces
• Accommodation of patient’s pain (patient will not undergo more force than he or she can safely produce)

Question 43

Higher speeds of limb movement requires the resistance to be?

Answer 43

Lighter than in a slower moving limb with greater resistance

Question 44

Slow speeds of muscle contraction can produce?

Answer 44

Greater force and tension