CH 5: Muscle contraction types, muscle response, DOMS, VelocityS, Flashcards
What is characterized by the amount of tension the contraction produces and the amount of energy liberated (ATP use) by the contraction?
Muscle contraction
What is the amount of tension developed per unit of contractile tissue?
Force of contraction
What muscle contraction uses the least ATP?
Eccentric
What muscle contraction uses the most ATP?
Concentric
What is the progression of maximal force production from least to most?
Concentric
Isometric
Eccentric
What is the progression with relative amounts of ATP used in muscle contraction?
Eccentric
Isometric
Concentric
What muscle contraction is more energy efficient?
Eccentric
What muscle contraction produces greater tension per contractile unit?
Eccentric
What muscle contraction stimulates both contractile and noncontractile elements?
Eccentric
What muscle contraction focuses on contractile elements?
Concentric
Isometric
What increases with use and are lost if not used?
Function
Intensity, duration, frequency are all related to?
Functional capacity
What are the two categories of muscle mutability?
Hypertrophic
Atrophic
What is the stimuli for adaptive changes in skeletal muscle?
Frequency, intensity, duration
What principle of training is the guiding principle of exercise prescription?
Overload principle
What principle occurs when application of load exceeds metabolic capacity of the muscle; muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater than its accustomed to?
Overload principle
What principle defines specific adaptations and alterations in response to highly specific demands?
Specific Adaptations in imposed demands (SAID) principle
What principle after energy uses muscle reeducation helping the patient to adapt and prepare for return to function?
Specific Adaptations in Imposed Demands (SAID) Principle
What is the training of a patient in a specific manner to produce a specific adaptation or training outcome?
Specificity
What principle dictates that the intensity of program must become progressively greater to continue to make gains?
Progression Principle
What principle describes the carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another?
Transfer of training principle
What principle indicates that changes in the body’s systems are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or a person participates in a maintenance program?
Reversibility principle
What principle indicates changes are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used?
Reversibility principle
What principle can begin 1-2 weeks after cessation of exercises?
Reversibility principle
What fibers respond more favorably to low-intensity, high volume exercise?
Type I Slow twitch
What type of exercise is repetitive and gross muscle movements occur?
High-volume, low-intensity (bicycling, running, swimming, rowing)
What is an increase in muscle fiber size as a result of increases in and synthesis of the contractile proteins (actin and myosin)?
Hypertrophy
What muscle fibers increase more during hypertrophy?
Type II (Fast twitch)
What is the development of new muscle fibers or fiber splitting; may occur in response to high-intensity strength training programs?
Hyperplasia
What are symptoms of DOMS?
Pain Swelling Tenderness Reduced ROM Stiffness
What are the 5 general theories concerning the process of DOMS?
- Latic acid theory
- Torn tissue theory
- Tonic muscle spasms theory
- Connective tissue damage theory
- Tissue fluid theory
What is the efficacy of rest with DOMS?
None
What is the efficacy of NSAIDS with DOMS?
Highly successful
What is the efficacy of steroidal antinflammatory drugs with DOMS?
Moderate successful
What is the efficacy of electrical stimulation with DOMS?
Proposed only
What is the efficacy of exercise with DOMS?
Highly successful
What is the efficacy of TENS with DOMS?
Highly successful
What is the efficacy of stretching with DOMS?
Mixed success
What is the efficacy of Iontophoresis with DOMS?
Not successful
What is the efficacy of cryotherapy with DOMS?
Not successful
What is the efficacy of calcium antagonists with DOMS?
Proposed only
The higher velocity contractions used with isokinetic exercise allows for the following?
- Improved functional speeds of contraction
- Reduced joint compression forces
- Accommodation of patient’s pain (patient will not undergo more force than he or she can safely produce)
Higher speeds of limb movement requires the resistance to be?
Lighter than in a slower moving limb with greater resistance
Slow speeds of muscle contraction can produce?
Greater force and tension
