CH 3: Signs, Symptoms, Red Flags

Question 1

What is initiated by obtaining a detailed patient history?

Answer 1

Diagnostic process

Question 2

What is a dynamic process, and the patient is in a constant state of flux?

Answer 2

Health care management

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of the examination process?

Answer 3

To determine, based on presenting signs and symptoms, the intervention is appropriate or consultation with another health care provider is warranted.

Question 4

What is a condition that is considered a problem that requires immediate medical attention because it may indicate a severe condition or disorder?

Answer 4

Red flags

Question 5

What are typical red flags?

Answer 5

• Infection
• Inflammation
• Cancer
• Heart attack
• Fracture

Question 6

What is reproduction and proliferation of microorganisms within the body?

Answer 6

Infection

Question 7

What is a condition that identifies a disorder that may require caution with treatment but in general is not as serious?

Answer 7

Yellow flags

Question 8

What are observable findings that can be seen, heard, smelled, or shown to someone?

Answer 8

Signs

Question 9

What includes swelling in a joint or soft tissue, deformity of a fracture, or discoloration from bruising?

Answer 9

Signs

Question 10

What are reported by the patient and may not be perceived otherwise by the PTA?

Answer 10

Symptoms

Question 11

What includes pain, numbness, tingling, and fatigue?

Answer 11

Symptoms

Question 12

What cannot be seen by the PTA and the examiner is reliable on accurate history from the patient?

Answer 12

Symptoms

Question 13

What are symptoms that affect the whole body and imply there is a possibility that a systemic disease or illness process exists?

Answer 13

Constitutional symptoms

Question 14

What type of symptoms if gone unchecked can affect the well-being of the patient and impede the process of the physical therapy POC?

Answer 14

Constitutional symptoms

Question 15

What is the diagnosis for chronic swelling of an area that leads to involvement of the entire extremity; a relatively benign process?

Answer 15

Lymphedema

Question 16

What is known as the accumulation of protein-enriched fluids may be secondary to a development disorder of the lymphatic system?

Answer 16

Primary lymphedema

Question 17

What is more common and is a direct result of obstruction or damage to the lymphatic system (nodes, vessels, and organs?

Answer 17

Secondary lymphedema

Question 18

Elderly patients or patients who have been on prolonged bed rest taking nitrates, hypertensives, diluretics, or antidepressants may exhibit symptoms of?

Answer 18

Orthostatic hypertension

Question 19

What is the 3rd most common cardiovascular disease process?

Answer 19

DVT

Question 20

What occurs in 30-60% of all people who have undergone major surgery, with 90% occurring in LE?

Answer 20

DVT

Question 21

What is defined as orthostatic hypertension?

Answer 21

• Fall in systolic BP of 20 mmHg
• Fall in diastolic BP of 10 mmHg
• Occurs when pt moves from supine to sitting or standing
• Occurs when pt moves from sitting to standing

Question 22

What is a common insult to the pulmonary system?

Answer 22

Pneumonia

Question 23

What is an inflammation of the lung tissue that creates excessive fluids resulting in difficulty breathing?

Answer 23

Pneumonia

Question 24

What occurs when the bronchial airways become inflamed in response to allergens, infectious agents, pollutants, aspirin, and exercise?

Answer 24

Asthma

Question 25

What type of questions should be asked for bowel and bladder?

Answer 25

- volume - color - consistency - odor - symptoms experienced during urination/defecation

Question 26

What is caused by a progressive displacement of the femoral head relative to the femoral neck secondary to a disruption of the growth plate; groin and hip discomfort?

Answer 26

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Question 27

What condition is caused by the lack of blood flow to the femoral head and can be posttraumatic in nature?

Answer 27

Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)

Question 28

Arterial occlusive disease usually occurs secondary to?

Answer 28

Atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries

Question 29

What is a serious bacterial infection of the joint (joint is usually swollen, warm, reddish in color, and tender to palpate)?

Answer 29

Septic arthritis

Question 30

What is an infection of the skin and superficial tissues usually caused by an infection following bacterial in-habitation of a wound?

Answer 30

Cellulitis

Question 31

Where does septic arthritis typically occur?

Answer 31

larger joints (knee, hip) and smaller joints (temporomandibular joint)

Question 32

What is caused by a blockage of coronary arteries resulting in death of heart muscle?

Answer 32

Myocardial infarction

Question 33

What does not occur in a predictable pattern and is not as responsive to nitroglycerin?

Answer 33

Unstable angina

Question 34

What does occur in a predictable pattern and is responsive to medication?

Answer 34

Stable angina

Question 35

What is the sac or covering over the heart?

Answer 35

Pericardium

Question 36

What occurs when the pericardium is inflamed (pericarditis)?

Answer 36

The heart is unable to work at optimal levels resulting in less blood able to leave the heart

Question 37

What are the causes of pericarditis?

Answer 37

- Bacterial inflammation - Viral inflammation - Systemic disease (kidney failure, systemic lupus, rheumatoid disease) - Any other problem causing increased fluid around the heart

Question 38

What can result from a dislodged blood clot from the calf or lower leg?

Answer 38

Pulmonary embolism

Question 39

What is the inflammation of the lining of the lungs; deep inspiration causes knifelike sharp pain in chest?

Answer 39

Pleurisy

Question 40

What occurs when air is brought into the lungs by a rupture in the lung lining wall; can cause spontaneously after a cough or strenuous activity in elderly?

Answer 40

Pneumothorax

Question 41

What factors predispose one to pneumothorax?

Answer 41

- Menstruation - Asthma - Chronic obstructive lung disease - Cystic fibrosis - Lung cancer

Question 42

What is common in younger and older populations; due to a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs?

Answer 42

Pneumonia

Question 43

What is an inflammation of the gallbladder and causes pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant or interscapular/right scapular region?

Answer 43

Cholecystitis

Question 44

What is caused by an infection in the kidney and can occur in patients with recent UTI?

Answer 44

Pyelonephyritis

Question 45

What refers to the formation of kidney stones?

Answer 45

Nephrolithiasis

Question 46

What are hard masses of salt precipitate that comes from urine?

Answer 46

Kidney stones

Question 47

What are the risk factors for kidney stones?

Answer 47

- Certain foods - Caffeine - Diseases that cause high cell turnover

Question 48

What are conditions to assess for red flags in cervical spine and shoulder?

Answer 48

- Central cord syndromes - Ligamentous instability - Brachial plexus neuropathies - Tumors

Question 49

What injury can occur as a result of direct trauma to the neck or head or neck cancer?

Answer 49

Spinal accessory nerve injury

Question 50

What injury is common after a glenohumeral dislocation because traction is place on nerve during dislocation?

Answer 50

Axillary nerve damage

Question 51

What can be injured as a result of trauma or compression or traction?

Answer 51

Suprascapular nerve injury

Question 52

What injury is hard to diagnose because it mimics a standard rotator cuff injury?

Answer 52

Suprascapular nerve injury

Question 53

What is a malignant tumor that is located in the upper apices of the lung?

Answer 53

Pancoast's tumor

Question 54

What is a disorder that affects either the hands or feet; progressive redness, blanching, an cyanosis occurs in extremities when patient is exposed to cold or emotional stress?

Answer 54

Raynaud's disease

Question 55

Who is Raynaud's disease more common for?

Answer 55

- People who smoke - People with RA - Betaadrenergic blocking medications