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PTA 230 (Ortho) > CH 3: Signs, Symptoms, Red Flags > Flashcards

CH 3: Signs, Symptoms, Red Flags Flashcards

1
Q

What is initiated by obtaining a detailed patient history?

A

Diagnostic process

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2
Q

What is a dynamic process, and the patient is in a constant state of flux?

A

Health care management

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3
Q

What is the primary purpose of the examination process?

A

To determine, based on presenting signs and symptoms, the intervention is appropriate or consultation with another health care provider is warranted.

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4
Q

What is a condition that is considered a problem that requires immediate medical attention because it may indicate a severe condition or disorder?

A

Red flags

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5
Q

What are typical red flags?

A
  • Infection
  • Inflammation
  • Cancer
  • Heart attack
  • Fracture
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6
Q

What is reproduction and proliferation of microorganisms within the body?

A

Infection

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7
Q

What is a condition that identifies a disorder that may require caution with treatment but in general is not as serious?

A

Yellow flags

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8
Q

What are observable findings that can be seen, heard, smelled, or shown to someone?

A

Signs

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9
Q

What includes swelling in a joint or soft tissue, deformity of a fracture, or discoloration from bruising?

A

Signs

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10
Q

What are reported by the patient and may not be perceived otherwise by the PTA?

A

Symptoms

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11
Q

What includes pain, numbness, tingling, and fatigue?

A

Symptoms

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12
Q

What cannot be seen by the PTA and the examiner is reliable on accurate history from the patient?

A

Symptoms

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13
Q

What are symptoms that affect the whole body and imply there is a possibility that a systemic disease or illness process exists?

A

Constitutional symptoms

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14
Q

What type of symptoms if gone unchecked can affect the well-being of the patient and impede the process of the physical therapy POC?

A

Constitutional symptoms

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15
Q

What is the diagnosis for chronic swelling of an area that leads to involvement of the entire extremity; a relatively benign process?

A

Lymphedema

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16
Q

What is known as the accumulation of protein-enriched fluids may be secondary to a development disorder of the lymphatic system?

A

Primary lymphedema

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17
Q

What is more common and is a direct result of obstruction or damage to the lymphatic system (nodes, vessels, and organs?

A

Secondary lymphedema

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18
Q

Elderly patients or patients who have been on prolonged bed rest taking nitrates, hypertensives, diluretics, or antidepressants may exhibit symptoms of?

A

Orthostatic hypertension

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19
Q

What is the 3rd most common cardiovascular disease process?

A

DVT

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20
Q

What occurs in 30-60% of all people who have undergone major surgery, with 90% occurring in LE?

A

DVT

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21
Q

What is defined as orthostatic hypertension?

A
  • Fall in systolic BP of 20 mmHg
  • Fall in diastolic BP of 10 mmHg
  • Occurs when pt moves from supine to sitting or standing
  • Occurs when pt moves from sitting to standing
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22
Q

What is a common insult to the pulmonary system?

A

Pneumonia

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23
Q

What is an inflammation of the lung tissue that creates excessive fluids resulting in difficulty breathing?

A

Pneumonia

24
Q

What occurs when the bronchial airways become inflamed in response to allergens, infectious agents, pollutants, aspirin, and exercise?

A

Asthma

25
Q

What type of questions should be asked for bowel and bladder?

A
  • volume
  • color
  • consistency
  • odor
  • symptoms experienced during urination/defecation
26
Q

What is caused by a progressive displacement of the femoral head relative to the femoral neck secondary to a disruption of the growth plate; groin and hip discomfort?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

27
Q

What condition is caused by the lack of blood flow to the femoral head and can be posttraumatic in nature?

A

Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)

28
Q

Arterial occlusive disease usually occurs secondary to?

A

Atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries

29
Q

What is a serious bacterial infection of the joint (joint is usually swollen, warm, reddish in color, and tender to palpate)?

A

Septic arthritis

30
Q

What is an infection of the skin and superficial tissues usually caused by an infection following bacterial in-habitation of a wound?

A

Cellulitis

31
Q

Where does septic arthritis typically occur?

A

larger joints (knee, hip) and smaller joints (temporomandibular joint)

32
Q

What is caused by a blockage of coronary arteries resulting in death of heart muscle?

A

Myocardial infarction

33
Q

What does not occur in a predictable pattern and is not as responsive to nitroglycerin?

A

Unstable angina

34
Q

What does occur in a predictable pattern and is responsive to medication?

A

Stable angina

35
Q

What is the sac or covering over the heart?

A

Pericardium

36
Q

What occurs when the pericardium is inflamed (pericarditis)?

A

The heart is unable to work at optimal levels resulting in less blood able to leave the heart

37
Q

What are the causes of pericarditis?

A
  • Bacterial inflammation
  • Viral inflammation
  • Systemic disease (kidney failure, systemic lupus, rheumatoid disease)
  • Any other problem causing increased fluid around the heart
38
Q

What can result from a dislodged blood clot from the calf or lower leg?

A

Pulmonary embolism

39
Q

What is the inflammation of the lining of the lungs; deep inspiration causes knifelike sharp pain in chest?

A

Pleurisy

40
Q

What occurs when air is brought into the lungs by a rupture in the lung lining wall; can cause spontaneously after a cough or strenuous activity in elderly?

A

Pneumothorax

41
Q

What factors predispose one to pneumothorax?

A
  • Menstruation
  • Asthma
  • Chronic obstructive lung disease
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Lung cancer
42
Q

What is common in younger and older populations; due to a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs?

A

Pneumonia

43
Q

What is an inflammation of the gallbladder and causes pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant or interscapular/right scapular region?

A

Cholecystitis

44
Q

What is caused by an infection in the kidney and can occur in patients with recent UTI?

A

Pyelonephyritis

45
Q

What refers to the formation of kidney stones?

A

Nephrolithiasis

46
Q

What are hard masses of salt precipitate that comes from urine?

A

Kidney stones

47
Q

What are the risk factors for kidney stones?

A
  • Certain foods
  • Caffeine
  • Diseases that cause high cell turnover
48
Q

What are conditions to assess for red flags in cervical spine and shoulder?

A
  • Central cord syndromes
  • Ligamentous instability
  • Brachial plexus neuropathies
  • Tumors
49
Q

What injury can occur as a result of direct trauma to the neck or head or neck cancer?

A

Spinal accessory nerve injury

50
Q

What injury is common after a glenohumeral dislocation because traction is place on nerve during dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve damage

51
Q

What can be injured as a result of trauma or compression or traction?

A

Suprascapular nerve injury

52
Q

What injury is hard to diagnose because it mimics a standard rotator cuff injury?

A

Suprascapular nerve injury

53
Q

What is a malignant tumor that is located in the upper apices of the lung?

A

Pancoast’s tumor

54
Q

What is a disorder that affects either the hands or feet; progressive redness, blanching, an cyanosis occurs in extremities when patient is exposed to cold or emotional stress?

A

Raynaud’s disease

55
Q

Who is Raynaud’s disease more common for?

A
  • People who smoke
  • People with RA
  • Betaadrenergic blocking medications

PTA 230 (Ortho) (55 decks)

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