CH 3: Signs, Symptoms, Red Flags Flashcards
What is initiated by obtaining a detailed patient history?
Diagnostic process
What is a dynamic process, and the patient is in a constant state of flux?
Health care management
What is the primary purpose of the examination process?
To determine, based on presenting signs and symptoms, the intervention is appropriate or consultation with another health care provider is warranted.
What is a condition that is considered a problem that requires immediate medical attention because it may indicate a severe condition or disorder?
Red flags
What are typical red flags?
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Cancer
- Heart attack
- Fracture
What is reproduction and proliferation of microorganisms within the body?
Infection
What is a condition that identifies a disorder that may require caution with treatment but in general is not as serious?
Yellow flags
What are observable findings that can be seen, heard, smelled, or shown to someone?
Signs
What includes swelling in a joint or soft tissue, deformity of a fracture, or discoloration from bruising?
Signs
What are reported by the patient and may not be perceived otherwise by the PTA?
Symptoms
What includes pain, numbness, tingling, and fatigue?
Symptoms
What cannot be seen by the PTA and the examiner is reliable on accurate history from the patient?
Symptoms
What are symptoms that affect the whole body and imply there is a possibility that a systemic disease or illness process exists?
Constitutional symptoms
What type of symptoms if gone unchecked can affect the well-being of the patient and impede the process of the physical therapy POC?
Constitutional symptoms
What is the diagnosis for chronic swelling of an area that leads to involvement of the entire extremity; a relatively benign process?
Lymphedema
What is known as the accumulation of protein-enriched fluids may be secondary to a development disorder of the lymphatic system?
Primary lymphedema
What is more common and is a direct result of obstruction or damage to the lymphatic system (nodes, vessels, and organs?
Secondary lymphedema
Elderly patients or patients who have been on prolonged bed rest taking nitrates, hypertensives, diluretics, or antidepressants may exhibit symptoms of?
Orthostatic hypertension
What is the 3rd most common cardiovascular disease process?
DVT
What occurs in 30-60% of all people who have undergone major surgery, with 90% occurring in LE?
DVT
What is defined as orthostatic hypertension?
- Fall in systolic BP of 20 mmHg
- Fall in diastolic BP of 10 mmHg
- Occurs when pt moves from supine to sitting or standing
- Occurs when pt moves from sitting to standing
What is a common insult to the pulmonary system?
Pneumonia
What is an inflammation of the lung tissue that creates excessive fluids resulting in difficulty breathing?
Pneumonia
What occurs when the bronchial airways become inflamed in response to allergens, infectious agents, pollutants, aspirin, and exercise?
Asthma
What type of questions should be asked for bowel and bladder?
- volume
- color
- consistency
- odor
- symptoms experienced during urination/defecation
What is caused by a progressive displacement of the femoral head relative to the femoral neck secondary to a disruption of the growth plate; groin and hip discomfort?
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
What condition is caused by the lack of blood flow to the femoral head and can be posttraumatic in nature?
Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)
Arterial occlusive disease usually occurs secondary to?
Atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries
What is a serious bacterial infection of the joint (joint is usually swollen, warm, reddish in color, and tender to palpate)?
Septic arthritis
What is an infection of the skin and superficial tissues usually caused by an infection following bacterial in-habitation of a wound?
Cellulitis
Where does septic arthritis typically occur?
larger joints (knee, hip) and smaller joints (temporomandibular joint)
What is caused by a blockage of coronary arteries resulting in death of heart muscle?
Myocardial infarction
What does not occur in a predictable pattern and is not as responsive to nitroglycerin?
Unstable angina
What does occur in a predictable pattern and is responsive to medication?
Stable angina
What is the sac or covering over the heart?
Pericardium
What occurs when the pericardium is inflamed (pericarditis)?
The heart is unable to work at optimal levels resulting in less blood able to leave the heart
What are the causes of pericarditis?
- Bacterial inflammation
- Viral inflammation
- Systemic disease (kidney failure, systemic lupus, rheumatoid disease)
- Any other problem causing increased fluid around the heart
What can result from a dislodged blood clot from the calf or lower leg?
Pulmonary embolism
What is the inflammation of the lining of the lungs; deep inspiration causes knifelike sharp pain in chest?
Pleurisy
What occurs when air is brought into the lungs by a rupture in the lung lining wall; can cause spontaneously after a cough or strenuous activity in elderly?
Pneumothorax
What factors predispose one to pneumothorax?
- Menstruation
- Asthma
- Chronic obstructive lung disease
- Cystic fibrosis
- Lung cancer
What is common in younger and older populations; due to a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs?
Pneumonia
What is an inflammation of the gallbladder and causes pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant or interscapular/right scapular region?
Cholecystitis
What is caused by an infection in the kidney and can occur in patients with recent UTI?
Pyelonephyritis
What refers to the formation of kidney stones?
Nephrolithiasis
What are hard masses of salt precipitate that comes from urine?
Kidney stones
What are the risk factors for kidney stones?
- Certain foods
- Caffeine
- Diseases that cause high cell turnover
What are conditions to assess for red flags in cervical spine and shoulder?
- Central cord syndromes
- Ligamentous instability
- Brachial plexus neuropathies
- Tumors
What injury can occur as a result of direct trauma to the neck or head or neck cancer?
Spinal accessory nerve injury
What injury is common after a glenohumeral dislocation because traction is place on nerve during dislocation?
Axillary nerve damage
What can be injured as a result of trauma or compression or traction?
Suprascapular nerve injury
What injury is hard to diagnose because it mimics a standard rotator cuff injury?
Suprascapular nerve injury
What is a malignant tumor that is located in the upper apices of the lung?
Pancoast’s tumor
What is a disorder that affects either the hands or feet; progressive redness, blanching, an cyanosis occurs in extremities when patient is exposed to cold or emotional stress?
Raynaud’s disease
Who is Raynaud’s disease more common for?
- People who smoke
- People with RA
- Betaadrenergic blocking medications
