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Nursing 104 > Ch 40 Fluid Electrolyte And Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Ch 40 Fluid Electrolyte And Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

Substance containing a hydrogen ion can be liberated or released

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2
Q

Acidosis

A

Condition characterized by a proportional excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

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3
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of ions or molecules across the cell membranes, usually against the pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy

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4
Q

Alkalosis

A

Condition, characterized by proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extra cellular fluid concentration in which the pH exceeds 7.45

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5
Q

Anions

A

Ion that carries a negative electric charge

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6
Q

Antibody

A

Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

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7
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

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8
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

Occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion

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9
Q

Base

A

Substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion

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10
Q

Blood typing

A

The laboratory examination to determine a persons blood type

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11
Q

Buffer

A

Substance that prevents body fluids from becoming overly acid or alkaline

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12
Q

Capillary filtration

A

Passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary results from the force of blood pushing against the walls of the capillary

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13
Q

Cation

A

Ion that carries a positive electric charge

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14
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure

A

Pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure
Pulls fluid into the capillaries and/or prevents fluid from leaving

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15
Q

Cross matching

A

Act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

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16
Q

Dehydration

A

Decreased water volume in body tissue

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17
Q

Diffusion

A

Tendency of salutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and tall equilibrium is established

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18
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid and extra cellular spaces

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19
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

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20
Q

Extra cellular fluid ECF

A

Fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids
1/3 of adult body fluid
Na, Ca, Ch, bicarbonate
Most important in homeostasis

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21
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

In capillaries increases filtration by pushing fluid and solute out of the capillaries

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22
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excessive calcium in the extra cellular fluid

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23
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

Excess of chloride and the extra cellular fluid

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24
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excess of potassium in the extra cellular fluid

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25
Hypermagnesemia
Excess of magnesium in the extra cellular fluid
26
Hypernatremia
Excess of sodium in the extra cellular fluid
27
Hyperphosphatemia
Above normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus
28
Hypertonic
Have a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared Greater concentration of particles than plasma
29
Hypervolemia
Excess of plasma | Both water and Na are retained
30
Hypocalcemia
Insufficient amount of calcium in the extra cellular fluid
31
Hypochloremia
Insufficient amount of chloride in the extra cellular fluid
32
Hypokalemia
Insufficient amount of potassium in the extra cellular fluid
33
Hypomagnesemia
Insufficient amount of magnesium in the extra cellular fluid
34
Hyponatremia
Insufficient amount of sodium in the extra cellular fluid
35
Hypophosphatemia
Below normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus
36
Hypotonic
Having a lesser concentration in a solution with which is being compared Lesser concentration of particles than plasma
37
Hypovolemia
Deficiency of blood plasma
38
Intracellular fluid ICF
``` Fluid within the cell; synonym for cellular fluid 2/3 of adult body fluid Cations: K, Mg Anions: Phosphorus High in K and Mg Low in Na and Ch ```
39
Ion
Atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution
40
Isotonic
Having about the same concentration as a solution with which it is being compared Same concentration of particles as plasma
41
Osmolarity
Concentration of particles in a solution, Or a solutions pulling power Concentration of solutes in body fluid Na is the greatest determinant
42
Osmosis
Passage of a solvent through a semi permeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established
43
pH
Expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of a substance
44
Solutes
Substance dissolved in a solution
45
Solvent
Liquid holding a substance in solution
46
Normal sodium
135-145 mEg/L Regulates water balance Controls and regulates volume of body fluids Major electrolyte in ECF. Essential for acid-base, fluid balance, active and passive transport, irritability and conduction of nerve muscle tissue
47
Normal potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L Major cation in ICF Plays vital role in cell metabolism and transition of nerve impulses, the functioning of cardiac, lung, muscle tissues and acid-base balance K imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmia that can be life threatening
48
Normal Ch
``` 95-105 mEq/L Major anion of ECF Major component of gastric juice Regulates acid-base balance Acts as buffer in O2 and CO2 exchange Maintain osmotic pressure in blood, produces hydrochloric acid ```
49
Normal Ca
8.5-10.5 mEq/L Found in cells, bone, teeth. Needed for proper functioning of the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, endocrine systems, blood clotting and teeth formation
50
Normal phosphate
2.5-4.5 mg/dl Major anion of ICF Found in ECF, bone, skeletal muscle and nerve tissue Children have higher levels than adults Metabolize protein, fats and carbohydrates Involved in important chemical reactions in the body, cell division and hereditary traits
51
Normal Mg
``` 1.5-2.5 mEq/L Intracellular metabolism In skeleton and ICF Found in bones. Regulates BP, blood sugar, muscle contractions and nerve function Mg is a sedative Mg and Ca rise and fall together ```
52
Bicarbonate
In ICF and ECF Regulates acid-base balance Body’s primary buffer system
53
Oncotic pressure
Pulling water from interstitial space into the vascular compartment
54
ABG’s
55
Average water content of the human body
``` 55% Male 60% Female 50% 3/4 of total body mass 50% elderly 80% baby ```
56
What average is based on
Average adult white male who weighs 70kg
57
Ratio of ICF to ECF
2:1
58
Interstitial fluid ISF
ECF Conduit between capillaries and cells Transport nutrients and waste Hydrostatic pressure pushing out of capillaries Osmotic pressure pushing into capillaries Body temperature Acid base balance
59
Blood serum
Plasma without clotting factors | Used in numerous diagnostic tests and blood typing
60
Over Hydration
More water is gained or retained than electrolytes
61
Function of water in body
Regulates and maintains body temperature Insulator and shock absorber Lubricant joints Carry oxygen and nutrients to cells Supports Removel of toxins and wastes from organs Needed for normal cell function
62
Albumin
The main protein of plasma and it regulates oncotic pressure in the blood by binding to water and electrolytes
63
How much sodium should be consumed
Less than 2,300 mg per day
64
How long does it take for thirst to be quenched
30 minutes to 1 hour
65
Indescribable water loss
Can’t be perceived , can’t be measured
66
Sensible water loss
Can be perceived and measured
67
What is the desirable total intake and output for an adult in a 24 hr period
1,500-3,500 ml
68
Diminish absorption of phosphate
Calcium
69
What is the significance of the adrenal glands on fluid and electrolyte
Help body conserve Na, save chloride and water, excrete K
70
How edema develops
Hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes out of the capillaries and into interstitial space.
71
Nursing intervention for temperature of 102F (fluids and electrolytes balance)
Increase the 24 hour fluid intake by 500ml
72
First sign of decreased vascular volume associated with fluid volume deficit
Tachycardia
73
How are orthostatic blood pressure performed, and why
Any time a fluid and electrolyte imbalance is suspected 1. Lay down for 5 minutes, take BP and HR 2. Stand up for 1 minute, take BP and HR 3. Stay standing for 3 more minutes, take BP and HR If there is a 10 point down change for diastolic or 20 point down charge for systolic they have a fluid volume deficit
74
Assessment finding dehydrated infant
Sunken fontanel | Lack of tears
75
High blood, urea, nitrogen (BUN)
Kidney failure | Dehydration
76
Why do infants lose more fluid through the kidneys
Lower glomerular filtration rate

Nursing 104 (32 decks)

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