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Nursing 104 > Ch 40 Fluid Electrolyte And Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Ch 40 Fluid Electrolyte And Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

Substance containing a hydrogen ion can be liberated or released

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2
Q

Acidosis

A

Condition characterized by a proportional excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

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3
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of ions or molecules across the cell membranes, usually against the pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy

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4
Q

Alkalosis

A

Condition, characterized by proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extra cellular fluid concentration in which the pH exceeds 7.45

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5
Q

Anions

A

Ion that carries a negative electric charge

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6
Q

Antibody

A

Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

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7
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

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8
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

Occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion

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9
Q

Base

A

Substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion

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10
Q

Blood typing

A

The laboratory examination to determine a persons blood type

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11
Q

Buffer

A

Substance that prevents body fluids from becoming overly acid or alkaline

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12
Q

Capillary filtration

A

Passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary results from the force of blood pushing against the walls of the capillary

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13
Q

Cation

A

Ion that carries a positive electric charge

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14
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure

A

Pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure
Pulls fluid into the capillaries and/or prevents fluid from leaving

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15
Q

Cross matching

A

Act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

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16
Q

Dehydration

A

Decreased water volume in body tissue

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17
Q

Diffusion

A

Tendency of salutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and tall equilibrium is established

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18
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid and extra cellular spaces

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19
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

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20
Q

Extra cellular fluid ECF

A

Fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids
1/3 of adult body fluid
Na, Ca, Ch, bicarbonate
Most important in homeostasis

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21
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

In capillaries increases filtration by pushing fluid and solute out of the capillaries

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22
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excessive calcium in the extra cellular fluid

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23
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

Excess of chloride and the extra cellular fluid

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24
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excess of potassium in the extra cellular fluid

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25
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Excess of magnesium in the extra cellular fluid

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26
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Excess of sodium in the extra cellular fluid

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27
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Above normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

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28
Q

Hypertonic

A

Have a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared
Greater concentration of particles than plasma

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29
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Excess of plasma

Both water and Na are retained

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30
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Insufficient amount of calcium in the extra cellular fluid

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31
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Insufficient amount of chloride in the extra cellular fluid

32
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Insufficient amount of potassium in the extra cellular fluid

33
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Insufficient amount of magnesium in the extra cellular fluid

34
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Insufficient amount of sodium in the extra cellular fluid

35
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Below normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

36
Q

Hypotonic

A

Having a lesser concentration in a solution with which is being compared
Lesser concentration of particles than plasma

37
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Deficiency of blood plasma

38
Q

Intracellular fluid ICF

A 
Fluid within the cell; synonym for cellular fluid
2/3 of adult body fluid
Cations: K, Mg
Anions: Phosphorus
High in K and Mg
Low in Na and Ch
39
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution

40
Q

Isotonic

A

Having about the same concentration as a solution with which it is being compared
Same concentration of particles as plasma

41
Q

Osmolarity

A

Concentration of particles in a solution, Or a solutions pulling power
Concentration of solutes in body fluid
Na is the greatest determinant

42
Q

Osmosis

A

Passage of a solvent through a semi permeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established

43
Q

pH

A

Expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of a substance

44
Q

Solutes

A

Substance dissolved in a solution

45
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid holding a substance in solution

46
Q

Normal sodium

A

135-145 mEg/L
Regulates water balance
Controls and regulates volume of body fluids
Major electrolyte in ECF. Essential for acid-base, fluid balance, active and passive transport, irritability and conduction of nerve muscle tissue

47
Q

Normal potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Major cation in ICF
Plays vital role in cell metabolism and transition of nerve impulses, the functioning of cardiac, lung, muscle tissues and acid-base balance
K imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmia that can be life threatening

48
Q

Normal Ch

A 
95-105 mEq/L
Major anion of ECF
Major component of gastric juice 
Regulates acid-base balance 
Acts as buffer in O2 and CO2 exchange
Maintain osmotic pressure in blood, produces hydrochloric acid
49
Q

Normal Ca

A

8.5-10.5 mEq/L
Found in cells, bone, teeth. Needed for proper functioning of the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, endocrine systems, blood clotting and teeth formation

50
Q

Normal phosphate

A

2.5-4.5 mg/dl
Major anion of ICF
Found in ECF, bone, skeletal muscle and nerve tissue
Children have higher levels than adults
Metabolize protein, fats and carbohydrates
Involved in important chemical reactions in the body, cell division and hereditary traits

51
Q

Normal Mg

A 
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Intracellular metabolism 
In skeleton and ICF
Found in bones. Regulates BP, blood sugar, muscle contractions and nerve function 
Mg is a sedative 
Mg and Ca rise and fall together
52
Q

Bicarbonate

A

In ICF and ECF
Regulates acid-base balance
Body’s primary buffer system

53
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Pulling water from interstitial space into the vascular compartment

54
Q

ABG’s

55
Q

Average water content of the human body

A 
55%
Male 60%
Female 50%
3/4 of total body mass
50% elderly 
80% baby
56
Q

What average is based on

A

Average adult white male who weighs 70kg

57
Q

Ratio of ICF to ECF

58
Q

Interstitial fluid ISF

A

ECF
Conduit between capillaries and cells
Transport nutrients and waste
Hydrostatic pressure pushing out of capillaries
Osmotic pressure pushing into capillaries
Body temperature
Acid base balance

59
Q

Blood serum

A

Plasma without clotting factors

Used in numerous diagnostic tests and blood typing

60
Q

Over Hydration

A

More water is gained or retained than electrolytes

61
Q

Function of water in body

A

Regulates and maintains body temperature
Insulator and shock absorber
Lubricant joints
Carry oxygen and nutrients to cells
Supports Removel of toxins and wastes from organs
Needed for normal cell function

62
Q

Albumin

A

The main protein of plasma and it regulates oncotic pressure in the blood by binding to water and electrolytes

63
Q

How much sodium should be consumed

A

Less than 2,300 mg per day

64
Q

How long does it take for thirst to be quenched

A

30 minutes to 1 hour

65
Q

Indescribable water loss

A

Can’t be perceived , can’t be measured

66
Q

Sensible water loss

A

Can be perceived and measured

67
Q

What is the desirable total intake and output for an adult in a 24 hr period

A

1,500-3,500 ml

68
Q

Diminish absorption of phosphate

69
Q

What is the significance of the adrenal glands on fluid and electrolyte

A

Help body conserve Na, save chloride and water, excrete K

70
Q

How edema develops

A

Hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes out of the capillaries and into interstitial space.

71
Q

Nursing intervention for temperature of 102F (fluids and electrolytes balance)

A

Increase the 24 hour fluid intake by 500ml

72
Q

First sign of decreased vascular volume associated with fluid volume deficit

A

Tachycardia

73
Q

How are orthostatic blood pressure performed, and why

A

Any time a fluid and electrolyte imbalance is suspected

  1. Lay down for 5 minutes, take BP and HR
  2. Stand up for 1 minute, take BP and HR
  3. Stay standing for 3 more minutes, take BP and HR

If there is a 10 point down change for diastolic or 20 point down charge for systolic they have a fluid volume deficit

74
Q

Assessment finding dehydrated infant

A

Sunken fontanel

Lack of tears

75
Q

High blood, urea, nitrogen (BUN)

A

Kidney failure

Dehydration

76
Q

Why do infants lose more fluid through the kidneys

A

Lower glomerular filtration rate

Nursing 104 (32 decks)

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