Ch 34 Rest and sleep

Question 1

Circadian rhythm

Answer 1

Rhythm that completes a full cycle every 24 hours, synonym for Diurnal rhythm

Question 2

Enuresis

Answer 2

Involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night 

Question 3

Hypersomnia

Answer 3

Condition characterized by excessive sleeping, especially daytime sleeping

Question 4

Insomnia

Answer 4

Difficulty in falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or early awakening from sleep

Question 5

Melatonin

Answer 5

A natural chemical produced at night that decreases wakefulness and promotes sleep

Question 6

Narcolepsy

Answer 6

Condition characterized by an uncontrolled desire to sleep

Question 7

Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM)

Answer 7

Nonrapid eye movement that characterizes four stages of sleep

Question 8

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 8

An adult, five or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events (The absence of breathing apnea are diminished breathing efforts hypopnea respiratory effort related arousals) during sleep, accompanied by sleeplessness, fatigue, insomnia, snoring, subjective nocturnal respiratory disturbance, are observed apnea and associated health disorders (hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, or mood disorder)

Question 9

Parasomnias

Answer 9

Patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep, sleepwalking and sleep talking nocturnal erections

Question 10

Rapid Eye movement sleep (REM)

Answer 10

Stage that constitutes 20% of 25% of a persons nightly sleep; person is difficult to arouse during this stage

Question 11

Rest

Answer 11

Condition in whichthe body is in a decreased statee of activity with the consequent feeling of being refreshed

Question 12

Restless leg syndrome (RLS)

Answer 12

A condition in which patients are unable to lie still and report experiencing unpleasant creeping crawling or tingling sensations in their legs

Question 13

Sleep

Answer 13

State of altered consciousness throughout which bearing degrees of stimuli preclude wakefulness

Question 14

Sleep cycle

Answer 14

Passage through the four stages of NREM sleep (I, II, III, IV), then reversal (IV, III, II, I), and finally, instead of re-entering stage I and awakening, entering REM sleep and returning to stage II

Question 15

Sleep deprivation

Answer 15

A decrease in the amount, consistency, and quality of sleep; results from decreased REM or NREM sleep

Question 16

Sleep hygiene

Answer 16

Non-pharmacologic recommendations like reviewing and changing lifestyles and environment that help an individual get a better nights sleep

Question 17

Somnambulism

Answer 17

Sleepwalking

Question 18

NREM sleep stage one

Answer 18

The person is in a transitional stage between wakefulness and sleep
The person is in a relaxed state but still somewhat aware of the surroundings
Involuntary muscle jerking may occur and awaken the person
The stage normally lasts only minutes
The person can be aroused easily
This stage constitutes only about 5% of total sleep

Question 19

NREM sleep stage two

Answer 19

1. The person falls into a stage of sleep
2. The person can be aroused with relative ease
3. This stage constitutes 50% to 55% of sleep

Question 20

NREM sleep stage three

Answer 20

1. The depth of sleep increases, and arousal becomes increasingly difficult
2. This stage constitutes 10% of sleep

Question 21

NREM sleep stage four

Answer 21

1. The person reaches the greatest depth of sleep which is called Delta sleep

2. Arousal from sleep is difficult
3. Physiologic changes in the body include the following; slow brain waves are recorded on an EEG, parts and respiratory rate decrease, blood pressure decreases, muscles are relaxed, metabolism slows and the body temperature is low
4. This constitute about 10% of sleep

Question 22

REM sleep

Answer 22

• eyes dart back-and-forth quickly
• small muscle twitching such as on the face
• large muscle immobility, resembling paralysis
• respirations are regular; sometimes interspersed with apnea
• rapid or a regular pulse
• blood pressure increases or fluctuates
• increase and gastric secretions
• Metabolism increases; body temperature increases
• encephalogram tracings active
• REM sleep enters from stage two of NREM sleep and re-enters NREM sleep at stage two; arousal from sleep difficult
• constitutes about 20 to 25% of sleep


Question 23

Polysonogram

Answer 23

Shows five stages of sleep

Question 24

Non-rapid eye movement sleep in NREM

Answer 24

Stage one light sleep last few minutes
Stage two light sleep burst of sleep spindles rolling eye movements
Stage three and stage four deep sleep muscles very relaxed versus decreasing respirations even and snoring enuresis and smnabulismcommon

Question 25

Neurotransmitters responsible for sleep

Answer 25

1. Serotonin
2. Acetylcholine
3. Norepinephrine
   Serotonin helps decrease the activity of the reticulating activating system. Aceto and Norepinephrine help with REM
4. GABA gamma amino butyric acid

Question 26

Sleep latency

Answer 26

Most people require 10 to 30 minutes to fall asleep

Question 27

Sleep apnea

Answer 27

Absence of breathing for 10 seconds or longer at least five times per hour

Question 28

Parasomina

Answer 28

Sonmabulism (sleep walking)
Enurisis (bedwetting)
Sleep talking
Bruxism (teeth grindig/clenching)
Periodic limb movement disorder