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Nursing 104 > Ch 24 Asepsis And Infection Control > Flashcards

Ch 24 Asepsis And Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Aerobic

A

Requiring oxygen to live and grow

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2
Q

Airborne transmission

A

Spreading of microorganisms that are less than 5 mm when an infected host coughs sneezes or talks, or when the organism becomes attached to dust particles

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3
Q

Anaerobic

A

Capable of living without oxygen

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4
Q

Antibody

A

Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

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5
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

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6
Q

Antimicrobial

A

Antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

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7
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of disease process producing micro organisms; using methods to prevent infection

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

The most significant and most commonly observed infection causing agents

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9
Q

Bundles

A

Evidence based best practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection

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10
Q

Colonization

A

Presence of an organism residing in an individuals body but with no clinical signs of infection

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11
Q

Direct contact

A

Way for organisms to enter the body that involves proximity between a susceptible host and an infected person or carrier, such as through touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse

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12
Q

Disinfection

A

Process used to destroy micro organisms; destroys all pathologic organisms except spores

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13
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Transmission of particles greater than five mcm

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14
Q

Endemic

A

Something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear and a different geographical location

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15
Q

Exogenous

A

Infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

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16
Q

Endogenous

A

Infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life Harvard within the person

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17
Q

Fungi

A

Plant like organisms parentheses (mold and yeast) that can cause infection

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18
Q

Health care associated infections (HAI)

A

An infection that was not present on admission to a healthcare institution and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions; nosocomial

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19
Q

Host

A

Animal or person on or within which microorganism’s live

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20
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Infection that occurs as a result of treatment or diagnostic procedure

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21
Q

Indirect contact

A

Personal contact with either a vector, a living creature that transmits an infectious agent to a human, usually an insect; or an in adamant object, coliform Mike, such as equipment or countertops

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22
Q

Infection

A

Disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

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23
Q

Isolation

A

Protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific micro organisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques

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24
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique

25
Q

Nosocomial

A

Something originating are taking place in the hospital i.e. infection

26
Q

Parasites

A

Organism that lives on or in a host and relies on it for nourishment

27
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease producing microorganism

28
Q

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

Gloves, gowns, masks, and protective I gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material

29
Q

Reservoir

A

Natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

30
Q

Standard precautions

A

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions

31
Q

Sterilization

A
  1. Process by which all micro organisms, including spores are destroyed; 2. Surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile
32
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

Practices that render and keep objects in areas free from microorganisims; synonym for sterile technique

33
Q

Transmission based precautions

A

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be treatment transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact route; used in addition to standard precautions

34
Q

Vector

A

Not human carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one house to another

35
Q

Virulence

A

Ability to produce disease

36
Q

Virus

A

Smallest of all micro organisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope

37
Q

Infection cycle

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Means of transmission
  5. Portals of entry
  6. Susceptible host
38
Q

E. Coli

A

Spread through feces contaminated water and food
Indirect and direct contact
Causes diarrhea

39
Q

S. Aureus

A

Spread skin, mouth, throat, nose
Direct and indirect contact
Result: minor skin infections, respiratory infections endocarditis osteomyelitis and bacteremia

40
Q

M. Tuberculosis

A

Spread sputum
Airborne
Result: tuberculosis

41
Q

HIV

A

Spread: blood, semen, breastmilk, vaginal secretions,
Direct contact
Result: AIDs

42
Q

Salmonella

A

Intestines
Direct and indirect contact
Result: diarrhea

43
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Blood, feces, body fluid and excretions
Contact direct
Result: hepatitis B

44
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Ticks from sheep, cattle, deer, mice
Contact indirect through a vector
Result: Lyme disease

45
Q

Colostrudum difficile (c diff)

A

Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacteria
Found in intestine naturally
 antibiotics taken for a long time destroy good bacteria and C diffwidely grows
Result: diarrhea
Alcohol does not kill us, soap and water only

46
Q

HAI Major causes

A

CAUTI Catheter associated UTI
SSI  surgical site infection
CLABSI Central line associated bloodstream infection
VAP ventilator associated pneumonia

47
Q

Stages of infection

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Prodromal stage (most infectious),
  3. Full stage (acute stage, infection)
    4. Convalescent period
48
Q

Ways the body defense itself from infection

A

Skin, mucous membranes, normal flora, inflammatory and immune response

49
Q

Signs of inflammation

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Edema
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of function
50
Q

Five moment to wash hands

A
  1. Before touching a patient
  2. Before a clean or antiseptic procedure
  3. After a body fluid exposure risk
  4. After touching a patient
  5. After touching patient surroundings
51
Q

Patient education for antibiocs

A

1. Explain importance of completing full course

  1. Do not share antibiotics with others
  2. Allergies may develop with repeated exposure to antibiotics
  3. Other options versus antibiotics
  4. G.I. distress? Take with food
  5. Drink lots of fluids
  6. Perineal hygiene teaching
  7. Avoid citrus and and anti-acids
52
Q

Super infection

A

An infection on top of an infection or an infection after an infection

53
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Must use an additional form of birth control
Take on an empty stomach one hour before our 2 to 3 hours after any other meal or other medication with a full glass of water
Do not take this drug with food dairy products or antacids
Adverse effects damage to teeth and bones

54
Q

Fluoroquinolon

A

Broad spectrum
Causes lesions in developing cartilage do not use if pregnant or lactating or under 18
If taking antacids must be four hours apart

55
Q

Red man syndrome

A

An anaphylactic reaction when Vanco myosin is infused rapidly causes Rashi red face torso
Pruitus (itching)

56
Q

What class of drugs can be taken if penicillin is contra indicated

A

Aminogycoside
Tetracyclenes
Macrolides

57
Q

Antiboitics not to be used with pregnant or children

A

Fluoroquninolon causes pitting in cartilage
Tetracyclines pitting and bones and teeth
Sulfonamides

58
Q

Cephalosporin

A

Do not use alcohol for 72 hours after discontinuation may cause a disilfirame like reaction


59
Q

Sulfonamide

A

Discontine immediately if hypersensitivity reactions occur

First symptom of a reaction is uticria (hives)

Nursing 104 (32 decks)

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