Ch 24 Asepsis And Infection Control Flashcards
Aerobic
Requiring oxygen to live and grow
Airborne transmission
Spreading of microorganisms that are less than 5 mm when an infected host coughs sneezes or talks, or when the organism becomes attached to dust particles
Anaerobic
Capable of living without oxygen
Antibody
Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen
Antigen
Foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response
Antimicrobial
Antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth
Asepsis
Absence of disease process producing micro organisms; using methods to prevent infection
Bacteria
The most significant and most commonly observed infection causing agents
Bundles
Evidence based best practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection
Colonization
Presence of an organism residing in an individuals body but with no clinical signs of infection
Direct contact
Way for organisms to enter the body that involves proximity between a susceptible host and an infected person or carrier, such as through touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse
Disinfection
Process used to destroy micro organisms; destroys all pathologic organisms except spores
Droplet transmission
Transmission of particles greater than five mcm
Endemic
Something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear and a different geographical location
Exogenous
Infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host
Endogenous
Infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life Harvard within the person
Fungi
Plant like organisms parentheses (mold and yeast) that can cause infection
Health care associated infections (HAI)
An infection that was not present on admission to a healthcare institution and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions; nosocomial
Host
Animal or person on or within which microorganism’s live
Iatrogenic
Infection that occurs as a result of treatment or diagnostic procedure
Indirect contact
Personal contact with either a vector, a living creature that transmits an infectious agent to a human, usually an insect; or an in adamant object, coliform Mike, such as equipment or countertops
Infection
Disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
Isolation
Protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific micro organisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques
Medical asepsis
Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique
Nosocomial
Something originating are taking place in the hospital i.e. infection
Parasites
Organism that lives on or in a host and relies on it for nourishment
Pathogens
Disease producing microorganism
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Gloves, gowns, masks, and protective I gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material
Reservoir
Natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
Standard precautions
CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions
Sterilization
- Process by which all micro organisms, including spores are destroyed; 2. Surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile
Surgical asepsis
Practices that render and keep objects in areas free from microorganisims; synonym for sterile technique
Transmission based precautions
CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be treatment transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact route; used in addition to standard precautions
Vector
Not human carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one house to another
Virulence
Ability to produce disease
Virus
Smallest of all micro organisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope
Infection cycle
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Means of transmission
- Portals of entry
- Susceptible host
E. Coli
Spread through feces contaminated water and food
Indirect and direct contact
Causes diarrhea
S. Aureus
Spread skin, mouth, throat, nose
Direct and indirect contact
Result: minor skin infections, respiratory infections endocarditis osteomyelitis and bacteremia
M. Tuberculosis
Spread sputum
Airborne
Result: tuberculosis
HIV
Spread: blood, semen, breastmilk, vaginal secretions,
Direct contact
Result: AIDs
Salmonella
Intestines
Direct and indirect contact
Result: diarrhea
Hepatitis B
Blood, feces, body fluid and excretions
Contact direct
Result: hepatitis B
Borrelia burgdorferi
Ticks from sheep, cattle, deer, mice
Contact indirect through a vector
Result: Lyme disease
Colostrudum difficile (c diff)
Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacteria
Found in intestine naturally
 antibiotics taken for a long time destroy good bacteria and C diffwidely grows
Result: diarrhea
Alcohol does not kill us, soap and water only
HAI Major causes
CAUTI Catheter associated UTI
SSI  surgical site infection
CLABSI Central line associated bloodstream infection
VAP ventilator associated pneumonia
Stages of infection
- Incubation period
- Prodromal stage (most infectious),
- Full stage (acute stage, infection)
4. Convalescent period
Ways the body defense itself from infection
Skin, mucous membranes, normal flora, inflammatory and immune response
Signs of inflammation
- Redness
- Heat
- Edema
- Pain
- Loss of function
Five moment to wash hands
- Before touching a patient
- Before a clean or antiseptic procedure
- After a body fluid exposure risk
- After touching a patient
- After touching patient surroundings
Patient education for antibiocs
1. Explain importance of completing full course
- Do not share antibiotics with others
- Allergies may develop with repeated exposure to antibiotics
- Other options versus antibiotics
- G.I. distress? Take with food
- Drink lots of fluids
- Perineal hygiene teaching
- Avoid citrus and and anti-acids
Super infection
An infection on top of an infection or an infection after an infection
Tetracyclines
Must use an additional form of birth control
Take on an empty stomach one hour before our 2 to 3 hours after any other meal or other medication with a full glass of water
Do not take this drug with food dairy products or antacids
Adverse effects damage to teeth and bones
Fluoroquinolon
Broad spectrum
Causes lesions in developing cartilage do not use if pregnant or lactating or under 18
If taking antacids must be four hours apart
Red man syndrome
An anaphylactic reaction when Vanco myosin is infused rapidly causes Rashi red face torso
Pruitus (itching)
What class of drugs can be taken if penicillin is contra indicated
Aminogycoside
Tetracyclenes
Macrolides
Antiboitics not to be used with pregnant or children
Fluoroquninolon causes pitting in cartilage
Tetracyclines pitting and bones and teeth
Sulfonamides
Cephalosporin
Do not use alcohol for 72 hours after discontinuation may cause a disilfirame like reaction

Sulfonamide
Discontine immediately if hypersensitivity reactions occur
First symptom of a reaction is uticria (hives)
