Ch 29 Medication Flashcards
Absorption
Process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
Adverse drug reactions(ADRs)
Undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect of a drug
Allergic effect
Immune system response that occurs when the body interprets and administer drug as a foreign substance informs antibodies against the drug
Ampoule
Glass flask containing a single dose of medication for Paranteral administration
Anaphylactic reaction
Severe reaction occurring immediately after exposure to a drug characterized by respiratory distress and vascular collapse
Anaphylaxis
Severe reaction occurring immediately after exposure to a drug; characterized by respiratory distress and vascular collapse
Distribution
Movement of drugs by the circulatory system to the site of action
Drug tolerance
Tendency of the body to become a custom to a drug overtime; larger doses are required to produce the desired effects
Ethnopharmacology
Study of the effect of ethnicity on responses to prescribed medication, especially drug absorption, metabolic metabolism, distribution, and excretion
Excretion
Removal of a drug from the body
Generic name
Name assigned by the manufacturer who first developed the drug, it is often derived from the chemical name
Half life
The amount of time it takes for a half dose of a drug to be eliminated from the body
Idiosyncratic effect
Unusual, unexpected response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or response different from the expected outcome
Inhalation
- Active breathing and synonym for inspiration
2. Administration of a drug and solution via the respiratory tract
Intradermal injection
Injection place just below the upper dermis
Intramuscular injection
An injection into deep muscle tissue, usually the buttok, thigh, or upper arm
Intravenous route
Injection of a solution into the vein
Metabolism
- Chemical changes in the body by which energy is provided
2. Breakdown of a drug to an inactive form; also referred to as biotransformation
Parenteral
Outside of intestines are alimentary canal; populary used to refer to injection routes
Peak level
Highest plasma concentration of a drug
Pharmacodynamics
Process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body
Pharmacogenetics
The study of how genetic variation affects an individual’s response to drugs
Medication reconciliation
Process of creating an accurate list of all medication to patient is taking, including drug name, dosage, frequency, and route, and comparing the list of the physicians admission, transfer, or discharge orders, with a goal of providing correct medication to the patient at all transition points within the hospital
Pharmacokinetics
Movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to the drugs absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Pharmacology
Study of actions of chemicals on living organisms
Pharmacotherapeutic’s
Dynamic that achieve the desired therapeutic effect of the drug without causing other undesirable effects
Placebo
 Latin word meaning I shall please; an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it
PRN order
As needed order for medication
Stat order
Single order carried out immediately
Subcutaneous injection
Injection into the subcutaneous tissue that lies between the upper dermis and the muscle
Synergistic effect
Combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect of each drug alone
Teratogenic
Known to have potential to cause developmental defects in the embryo or fetus
Therapeutic range
That concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity
Topical application
Application of a substance directly to a body surface
Toxic effect
Specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that care risk for permanent damage or death
Trade name
Drug name selected in trademark by the company marketing the drug; also called brand-name or propietary name
Trough level
The point when a drug is at its lowest concentration
Vial
Glass bottle with self sealing stopper through which medication is removed; may be single or multi multiple dose
Z track technique
Technique used to administer medication intramuscularly that ensures that the medication does not leak back along the needle track and into the subcutaneous tissue, reducing pain and discomfort
Capsule
Powder or gel form of an active drug enclosed in a gelatinous container; may also be called liquigel
Elixir
Medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor
Enteric coated
A tablet or pill coded to prevent stomach irritation
Extended release ER
Preparation of a medication that allows for slow and continuous release over a predetermined.
Liniment
Medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or soap, which is rubbed on the skin
Lotion
Drug particles in a solution for topical use
Lozenge
Small oval, round, or oblong preparation containing a drug and a flavored or sweetened base, which dissolves in the mouth and releases the medication
Ointment
Semi solid preparation containing a drug to be applied externally
Pill
Mixture of a powder drug with a cohesive material; may be round or oval
Powder
Single or mixture of finally ground drugs
Solution
A Drug dissolved in another substance
Suppository
An easily melted medication preparation and a firm base such as gelatin that is inserted into the body
Suspension
Finally divided, undissolved particles in a liquid medium; should be shaken before use
Tablet
Small, solid dose of medication, compressed or molded; may be any color, size or shape
Transdermal patch
Unit dose of medication apply directly to skin for diffusion through skin and absorption into the bloodstream
Oral route
Having patience swallow drug
Enteral Route
Administering drug through an EnteralTube
Sublingual administration
Placing drug under tounge
Buccal administration
Placing drug between cheek and gum
Subcutaneous injection
Injecting drug into subcutaneous tissue tissue
Intramuscular injection
Injecting drug into muscle tissue
Intradermal injection
Injecting drug under epidermis
Intravenous injection
Injecting drug into the vein
Intra-arterial injection
Injecting drug into an artery
Intracardial injection
Injecting drug into heart tissue
Intraperitoneal injection
Injirection into the peritoneal cavity
Intra-spinal injection
Injection into the spinal canal
Intraosseous injection
Injection in the bone
Topical vaginal administration
Vagina
Topical rectal administration
Rectum
Inunction
Rubbing drug into skin
Installation
Placing drug into direct contact with mucous membrane
Irrigation
Flushing mucus membrane with drug and solution
Skin application
Applying transdermal patch
Pulmonary Route
Having patient inhale
Morphine comparison
Heroin is two times stronger than morphine
Hydromorphine is 7 to 10 times stronger than morphine
Parts of the medication order
- Patience name
- Date and Time order is written
- Name of drug to be administered
4. Dosage of drug - Route by which drug is to be administered
- Frequency of administration of drug
- Signature of person writing order
Generic drugs
Bioavailability of the drug may be different than brand-name
Dispensed as written means a generic cannot be substituted
Drug classifications
Pharmaceutical class is how they work
Therapeutic class is what they do for the body
Rights of medication administration
Right medication Right patient Right dosage Right route Right time for
ADME
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Drug dose and serum drug levels
4 1/2 lives before drug is ineffective
Half life is affected by
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Three checks of medication administration
When the nurse reaches the container or unit does package
After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the EMAR/MAR
When replacing the multidose container in the drawer or shelf are sometimes at the patient’s bedside
