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Nursing 104 > Ch 39 Oxygenation and perfusion > Flashcards

Ch 39 Oxygenation and perfusion Flashcards

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1
Q

Adventitious

A

Abnormal breath sounds heard over the lungs

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2
Q

Alveoli

A

Small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange 

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3
Q

Angina

A

A temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles

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4
Q

Arterial blood gas

A

A diagnostic test examining arterial blood; used to determine the pressure exerted by oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

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5
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion or collapse of part of the lungs

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6
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers of the heart

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7
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

A bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrialventricular node to the ventricles, causing them to contract

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8
Q

Atrioventricular node AV

A

A node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to the atrioventricular bundle

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9
Q

Bradypena 

A

Slow rate of breathing

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10
Q

Bronchial

A

Those heard over the larynx and trachea are high-pitched, harsh blowing sounds, with sound on expiration being longer than inspiration

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11
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Medication that relaxes contractions of smooth muscles of the bronchioles

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12
Q

Bronchovesicular

A

Normal breath sounds heard over the main stream bronchus; they are moderate blowing sounds, with inspiration equal to expiration

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13
Q

Capnography

A

A method to monitor ventilation and, indirectly, blood flow through the lungs

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14
Q

Cardiopulmonary

A

Relating to the heart and the lungs

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15
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Relating to the heart and blood vessels

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16
Q

Cilia

A

Microscopic, hair-like projections that propel mucus toward the upper airway so that it can be expectorated

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17
Q

Crackles

A

Fine, crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

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18
Q

Diffusion

A

Tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until. equilibrium is established

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19
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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20
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

An abnormal cardiac rhythm

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21
Q

Electrocardiogram ECG

A

Graphic record produced by the electrocardiograph

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22
Q

Endotracheal tube

A

Polyvinyl chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a Laryngoscope as a guide

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23
Q

Expiration

A

Active breathing out

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24
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering and leaving the lungs

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25
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

26
Q

Hypoexmia

A

Deficient oxidation of blood

27
Q

Hypoxia

A

An inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells

28
Q

Inspiration

A

Act of breathing in

29
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulating blood and tissue cells

30
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of blood in a particular area

31
Q

Nasal cannula

A

Disposable, plastic device that delivers oxygen via two protruding prongs for insertion into the nostrils

32
Q

Oxygenation

A

The process of providing cells life-sustaining oxygen

33
Q

Perfusion

A

Process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues

34
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

35
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

Noninvasive technique that measures the oxygen saturation of arterial blood

36
Q

Respiration

A

Gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the Alveoli and blood in the capillaries

37
Q

Sinoarterial node SA

A

A mass of tissue in the upper right atrium, just below the opening of the superior vena cava, that initiates the transmission of electrical impulses, causing contraction of the heart at regular intervals; also known as pacemaker

38
Q

Spirometer

A

Instrument used to measure lung capacities in volume; one type is used to encourage deep breathing

39
Q

Sputum

A

Respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

40
Q

Surfactant 

A

Detergent like phospholipid that reduces surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

41
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid rate of breathing

42
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Artificial opening made in the trachea through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted

43
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers of the heart

44
Q

vesicular

A

Normal sound of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas

45
Q

Wheezes

A

Continuous, high pitch squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages

46
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Procedure of aspirating pleural fluid

47
Q

Peak expiratory flow rate

A

Point of highest flow during forced expiration

48
Q

Spirometry

A

Measures lung volume and airflow

49
Q

Forced expiratory volume

A

Amount of air exhaled at specific time

50
Q

Residual volume

A

Amount of air left in lungs at maximum expiration

51
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Amount of air contained within the lungs at maximum inspiration

52
Q

Capnography

A

This measures the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled with each breath

53
Q

Tidal volume

A

Total amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath

54
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum amount of air exhaled after maximum inspiration

55
Q

Forced vital capacity

A

Maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhale after a full inspiration

56
Q

Antitussives

A

For non-productive cough
Codeine is an example, codeine turns to morphine in the liver
Not drug of choice for patient with head injury or CNS depression
Contra indicated for a pregnant or lactating women, children under four
Can cause dry mouth


57
Q

Decongestant

A

Oral and nasal can cause rebound congestion
Do not use oral longer than one week, nasal no more than five days


58
Q

Antihistamine

A

Adverse affects drowsiness, dry mouth, epistaxes i.e. nosebleed and paradoxical excitement
Warn patients not to drive until they know how the medication affects them

59
Q

Expectorant action

A

Causes thinning of secretions leading to a more productive cough and dust decreased frequency of coughing. For symptomatic relief of respiratory conditions characterized by dry, nonproductive cough and in the presence of mucus in the respiratory tract

60
Q

Mucolytics action

A

Increases or liquefies respiratory secretions to aid the clearing of the airways and high risk respiratory patients who are coughing up thick tenacious secretions also used to protect liver cells from being damaged during episodes of acestaminophen

Nursing 104 (32 decks)

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