Ch 33 Activity

Question 1

Active exercise

Answer 1

Joint movement activated by the person

Question 2

 atrophy

Answer 2

Decrease in the size of a body structure

Question 3

Contractures

Answer 3

Permanently contracted state of a muscle

Question 4

Ergonomics

Answer 4

Modifying the work to fit the worker

Question 5

Flaccidity

Answer 5

Decreased muscle tone synonym for hypotonicity

Question 6

Footdrop

Answer 6

Complication resulting from extended plantar flexion

Question 7

Isokinetic exercise

Answer 7

Exercise involving a machine

Question 8

Isometric exercise

Answer 8

Muscles are stable, i.e. yoga pose, plank

Question 9

Isotonic exercise

Answer 9

Lifting a constant amount of weight

Question 10

Orthopedics

Answer 10

The correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion

Question 11

Paralysis

Answer 11

Absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment

Question 12

Paresis

Answer 12

Impaired muscle strength or weakness

Question 13

Passive exercise

Answer 13

Manual or mechanical means of moving the joints

Question 14

Patient care ergonomics

Answer 14

Practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care

Question 15

Range of motion

Answer 15

Complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable

Question 16

Spasticity

Answer 16

Increased muscle tone

Question 17

Tonus

Answer 17

Normal, partially steady state of muscle contraction

Question 18

Fowlers position

Answer 18

The semi sitting position, calls for the head of the bed to be elevated 45 to 60°. This position is often used to promote cardiac and respiratory functioning because adominal organs drop in this position, providing maximal space in the thoracic cavity. In this position, the heels, sacrum, and scapula are risk for skin breakdown and require frequent assessment

Question 19

Supine or dorsal recumbent position

Answer 19

The patient lies flat on the back with the head and shoulders slightly elevated with a pillow unless contraindicated, such spinal anesthesia or surgery on the spinal vertebrae

Question 20

Side lying or lateral position

Answer 20

The patient lives on the side and the main weight of the body is born by the lateral aspect of the lower scapula and the lateral aspect of the lower ileum

Question 21

Oblique position

Answer 21

Variation of the sidelying, position, is recommended as an alternative to the side lying position because it place is significantly less pressure on the trochanter region. The patient turns toward the side with the hip at the top leg flexed at a 30° angle and the knee flexed at a 35° angle pillow support the patient’s back and calf on the top leg

Question 22

Sims position

Answer 22

Variation of the lateral position. In this position the patient again lies on the side but the lower arm is behind the patient in the upper arms flexed at both shoulder and the elbow. In this position the main body weight is born by the anterior aspect of the humerus clavicle and Ilium

Question 23

Prone position

Answer 23

In the prone position the person lies on the abdomen with the head turned to the side. The body is straight in the prone position because the shoulders, head, and neck are in an erect position, the arms are easily placed in correct alignment with the shoulder girdle, the hips are extended and the knees can be prevented from flexing or hyper extending

Question 24

Ball and socket joint

Answer 24

The rounded head of one bone fits into a cup like cavity in the other, flextion extension abduction and adduction and rotation can occur; i.e. shoulder and hip joints

Question 25

Condyloid joint

Answer 25

The oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone; flex station extension and abduction adduction can occur e.g. wrist joint and joints connecting fingers to palm

Question 26

Gliding joint

Answer 26

Flat surfaces of the bones slide over one another; flex station extension and abduction adduction can occur e.g. carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of the feet

Question 27

Hinge joint

Answer 27

A spore like rounded surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone; only flex station extension can occur e.g. elbow knee ankle joints

Question 28

Pivot joint

Answer 28

A ring like structure that turns on a pivot; movement is limited to rotation e.g. joints between the atlas and axis of the neck in between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna at the wrist

Question 29

Saddle joint

Answer 29

Bone surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other movements include flex station extension, abduction and adduction, circumcision, and opposition E.g. joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb

Question 30

Abduction

Answer 30

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Question 31

Adduction

Answer 31

Lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

Question 32

Circumduction

Answer 32

Turning in a circular motion; combines abduction abduction, extension, and Flexion

Question 33

Flexion

Answer 33

The state of being flexed

Question 34

Extension

Answer 34

The state of being in a straight line

Question 35

Hyperextension

Answer 35

The state of an exaggerated extension. It often results in an angle greater than 180°

Question 36

Dorsiflexon

Answer 36

Backward bending of the hand or foot

Question 37

Plantar flexion

Answer 37

Flexion of the foot

Question 38

Rotation

Answer 38

Turning on an access; the turning of a body part on the access provided by its joint

Question 39

Internal rotation

Answer 39

A body part turning on its axis toward the midline of the body

Question 40

External rotation

Answer 40

A body part turning onyx ask access away from the midline of the body

Question 41

Pronation

Answer 41

The assumption of the prone position

Question 42

Supination

Answer 42

The assumption of a supine position

Question 43

Inversion

Answer 43

Movement of the soul of the foot inward occurs at the ankle

Question 44

Eversion

Answer 44

Movement of the soul of the foot outward occurs at the ankle

Question 45

Opposition

Answer 45

Rotation of the thumb around its long access, movement of the thumb across the palm to touch each finger tip of the same hand

Question 46

Immobility

Answer 46

Inability to move. Sometimes for therapeutic reasons

Question 47

Impaired physical mobility

Answer 47

Limitation of movement but not immobile

Question 48

Deconditioned

Answer 48

Loss of physical fitness. Not maintaining optimal level of training or physical activity or one who is on extended immobility orders

Question 49

Disuse syndrome

Answer 49

Adverse effects on the body’s tissues and functions due to inactivity

Question 50

Motor cortex

Answer 50

Responsible for voluntary movement

Question 51

Cerebellum

Answer 51

Responsible for coordinating movement, equilibrium, muscle tone and proprioception

Question 52

Fibrous joints

Answer 52

Immovable (synarthrosis). No joint cavity; fibrous connective tissue between bones. I.e. sutures between bones of skull

Question 53

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 53

Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) No joint cavity; cartilage between bones. I.e. joints between bodies of vertebrae

Question 54

Synovial joints

Answer 54

Freely movable (diathrosis) Joint cavity containing synovial fluid. I.e. gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket joints

Question 55

Growing pains

Answer 55

Muscle stretching as bones grow, can be accompanied by nausea and headache normally felt in the afternoon and early evening

Question 56

Sacropenia

Answer 56

Starts in the 30s, muscle fibers decrease, muscle tone decreases, lack of balance, more tired easily

Question 57

One way to prevent a contracture

Answer 57

Range of motion exercises