Ch 33 Activity Flashcards
Active exercise
Joint movement activated by the person
 atrophy
Decrease in the size of a body structure
Contractures
Permanently contracted state of a muscle
Ergonomics
Modifying the work to fit the worker
Flaccidity
Decreased muscle tone synonym for hypotonicity
Footdrop
Complication resulting from extended plantar flexion
Isokinetic exercise
Exercise involving a machine
Isometric exercise
Muscles are stable, i.e. yoga pose, plank
Isotonic exercise
Lifting a constant amount of weight
Orthopedics
The correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion
Paralysis
Absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
Paresis
Impaired muscle strength or weakness
Passive exercise
Manual or mechanical means of moving the joints
Patient care ergonomics
Practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care
Range of motion
Complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable
Spasticity
Increased muscle tone
Tonus
Normal, partially steady state of muscle contraction
Fowlers position
The semi sitting position, calls for the head of the bed to be elevated 45 to 60°. This position is often used to promote cardiac and respiratory functioning because adominal organs drop in this position, providing maximal space in the thoracic cavity. In this position, the heels, sacrum, and scapula are risk for skin breakdown and require frequent assessment
Supine or dorsal recumbent position
The patient lies flat on the back with the head and shoulders slightly elevated with a pillow unless contraindicated, such spinal anesthesia or surgery on the spinal vertebrae
Side lying or lateral position
The patient lives on the side and the main weight of the body is born by the lateral aspect of the lower scapula and the lateral aspect of the lower ileum
Oblique position
Variation of the sidelying, position, is recommended as an alternative to the side lying position because it place is significantly less pressure on the trochanter region. The patient turns toward the side with the hip at the top leg flexed at a 30° angle and the knee flexed at a 35° angle pillow support the patient’s back and calf on the top leg
Sims position
Variation of the lateral position. In this position the patient again lies on the side but the lower arm is behind the patient in the upper arms flexed at both shoulder and the elbow. In this position the main body weight is born by the anterior aspect of the humerus clavicle and Ilium
Prone position
In the prone position the person lies on the abdomen with the head turned to the side. The body is straight in the prone position because the shoulders, head, and neck are in an erect position, the arms are easily placed in correct alignment with the shoulder girdle, the hips are extended and the knees can be prevented from flexing or hyper extending
Ball and socket joint
The rounded head of one bone fits into a cup like cavity in the other, flextion extension abduction and adduction and rotation can occur; i.e. shoulder and hip joints
Condyloid joint
The oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone; flex station extension and abduction adduction can occur e.g. wrist joint and joints connecting fingers to palm
Gliding joint
Flat surfaces of the bones slide over one another; flex station extension and abduction adduction can occur e.g. carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of the feet
Hinge joint
A spore like rounded surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone; only flex station extension can occur e.g. elbow knee ankle joints
Pivot joint
A ring like structure that turns on a pivot; movement is limited to rotation e.g. joints between the atlas and axis of the neck in between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna at the wrist
Saddle joint
Bone surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other movements include flex station extension, abduction and adduction, circumcision, and opposition E.g. joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb
Abduction
Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
Circumduction
Turning in a circular motion; combines abduction abduction, extension, and Flexion
Flexion
The state of being flexed
Extension
The state of being in a straight line
Hyperextension
The state of an exaggerated extension. It often results in an angle greater than 180°
Dorsiflexon
Backward bending of the hand or foot
Plantar flexion
Flexion of the foot
Rotation
Turning on an access; the turning of a body part on the access provided by its joint
Internal rotation
A body part turning on its axis toward the midline of the body
External rotation
A body part turning onyx ask access away from the midline of the body
Pronation
The assumption of the prone position
Supination
The assumption of a supine position
Inversion
Movement of the soul of the foot inward occurs at the ankle
Eversion
Movement of the soul of the foot outward occurs at the ankle
Opposition
Rotation of the thumb around its long access, movement of the thumb across the palm to touch each finger tip of the same hand
Immobility
Inability to move. Sometimes for therapeutic reasons
Impaired physical mobility
Limitation of movement but not immobile
Deconditioned
Loss of physical fitness. Not maintaining optimal level of training or physical activity or one who is on extended immobility orders
Disuse syndrome
Adverse effects on the body’s tissues and functions due to inactivity
Motor cortex
Responsible for voluntary movement
Cerebellum
Responsible for coordinating movement, equilibrium, muscle tone and proprioception
Fibrous joints
Immovable (synarthrosis). No joint cavity; fibrous connective tissue between bones. I.e. sutures between bones of skull
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) No joint cavity; cartilage between bones. I.e. joints between bodies of vertebrae
Synovial joints
Freely movable (diathrosis) Joint cavity containing synovial fluid. I.e. gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket joints
Growing pains
Muscle stretching as bones grow, can be accompanied by nausea and headache normally felt in the afternoon and early evening
Sacropenia
Starts in the 30s, muscle fibers decrease, muscle tone decreases, lack of balance, more tired easily
One way to prevent a contracture
Range of motion exercises
