Ch 2: Online 2 Flashcards

Some Basic Chemistry

1
Q

Lack of oxygen is tissues is called what?

A

Hypoxia

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2
Q

What is another name for tissue fluid?

A

Interstitial fluid

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3
Q

What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

To render biologically inactive with heat is called?

A

Denature

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5
Q

What makes water molecules cohesive?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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6
Q

What prevents drastic changes in the pH of body fluids?

A

Buffer system

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7
Q

Hemoglobin is to iron as thyroxine is to ___?

A

Iodine

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8
Q

Myoglobin is to iron as vitamin B12 is to ___?

A

Cobalt

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9
Q

What are the self antigens on cell membranes called?

A

Oligosaccharides

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10
Q

In what process are bonds created to make large molecules from small ones?

A

Synthesis

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11
Q

What phospholipid is important for nerve cell insulation?

A

Myelin

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12
Q

In what bond do two atoms share one or more electrons?

A

Covalent bond

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13
Q

The carbohydrates of nucleotides are ….?

A

Peptose sugars

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14
Q

What are the identifying markers on cell membranes?

A

Antigens

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15
Q

Adenine is to thymine as guanine is to ___?

A

Cytosine

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16
Q

An energy storage form in the liver is called?

17
Q

What are protein catalysts called?

18
Q

What is the water of the blood?

19
Q

What is deposition of fat in the wall of an artery?

A

Atherosclerosis

20
Q

Ionization

A

Dissociation

21
Q

Starch or cellulose

A

Polysaccharide

22
Q

The energy transfer molecule adenosine ____

A

Triphosphate

23
Q

What enables RBCs to carry oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

24
Q

What is a shape-maintaining bond found in antibodies and insulin?

25
What is it called when the bonds of a large molecule are broken?
Decomposition
26
Why is calcium important?
It provides strength in bones and teeth
27
What trace element is part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells and transports oxygen?
Iron
28
What elements are necessary for muscles to contract?
Sodium and potassium
29
What element is part of vitamin B12?
Cobalt
30
What element is necessary for cell respiration and for hemoglobin synthesis?
Copper
31
Iodine is part of what hormone?
Thyroid hormone
32
What element is part of DNA, RNA, and cell membranes?
Phosphorus