ch 15 making decisions and solving problems

Question 1

purposeful and goal-directed effort that uses a systematic process to choose among options

Answer 1

decision making

Question 2

focused on trying to resolve an issue that can be viewed as the gap between “what currently is” and “the best available option

Answer 2

problem solving

Question 3

decision style in which the decision maker selects the option that is best, based on an analysis of the pros and cons associated with each option

Answer 3

optimizing

Question 4

decision style in which the decision maker selects an acceptable solution, one that may minimally meet the objective or standard for a decision

Answer 4

satisficing

Question 5

3 decision making styles

Answer 5

-autocratic/paternalistic
-informed
-shared decision making

Question 6

decision making style in which managers decide what is best for their team. This style results in more rapid decision making and is appropriate in crisis situations

Answer 6

autocratic/paternalistic

Question 7

decision making style in the staff has the ability to make a decision after information has been shared and without the active involvement of the manager

Answer 7

informed

Question 8

decision making style in which the decisions are made through an interactive, deliberate process where the staff and manager may express and discuss options and preferences

Answer 8

shared decision making

Question 9

internal factors that can influence how a situation is perceived

Answer 9

-physical/emotional state
-personal philosophy
-biases
-values
-interests
-experience
-knowledge
-attitudes
-risk-seeking/risk-avoiding behaviors

Question 10

external factors that can influence how a situation is perceived

Answer 10

-environmental conditions
-time
-resources

Question 11

-influenced by an individual’s cultural, social, and philosophic background
-provide the foundation for one’s ethical stance.

Answer 11

values

Question 12

tanner’s 4 steps in the clinical judgment model

Answer 12

1. noticing
2. interpreting
3. responding
4. reflecting

Question 13

real-time reflection on the patient’s responses to nursing action with modifications to the plan based on the ongoing assessment

Answer 13

reflection-in-action

Question 14

review of the experience, which promotes learning for future similar experiences

Answer 14

reflection-on-action

Question 15

group decision making strategy that involves systematically collecting and summarizing opinions and judgments on a particular issue from respondents, such as members of expert panels, through interviews, surveys, or questionnaires

Answer 15

delphi technique

Question 16

SWOT analysis for tool for decision making

Answer 16

Strength
Weakness
Opportunity
Threat

Question 17

4 steps in problem-definition model

Answer 17

1. establish a need for the solution
2. justify the need
3. contextualize the problem
4. write the problem statement

Question 18

4 main principles for diagnosing a problem

Answer 18

-know the facts
-separate the facts from interpretation
-be objective and descriptive
-determine the scope of the problem

Question 19

4 categories of problems (4 Ms)

Answer 19

-manpower
-methods
-machines
-materials