Cardio-Respiritory System Flashcards
Respiration
The movement of air from outside the body into cells within tissue
Diaphragm
The primary muscle used in process of inspiration, or inhalation. A dome shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the rest of the body cavity
Trachea
The tube that takes air into the chest, also known as the windpipe
What is oxygen
The amount of oxygen needed at the end of a physical activity to break down any lactic acid known as oxygen debt
What type of exercise will end up in oxygen
Anaerobic exercise or hard work for a amount of time
How is oxygen debt repaid
Repaid through deep gasping breaths at the end of an activity
What is the route that the air takes to get into the lungs
Through nose, down larynx, down trachea, through bronchus, into the bronchioles, into the alveoli, diffused into blood cells
What is the systole
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
What is the diastole
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and lets the chambers fill with blood
What is blood pressure
Pressure of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, especially the arteries
What are the 3 types of blood vessels
Vein artery capillaries
What is an artery
An artery is a blood vessel taking blood away from the heart
They have thicker more elastic walls that carry oxygenated blood often at a high pressure. The channel the blood flows through is called the lumen which can widen to allow more blood through
What is a vein
A vessel carry blood back to the heart
They have much thinner walls and are less elastic as they carry blood at a lower pressure than arteries. Veins rarely pulsate but have many valves to ensure that blood doesn’t flow backwards
What are capillaries
They are a microscopic vessel just 1 cell thick that link arteries with veins. The blood pressure in capillaries is very low
What percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide to do we breath in out of the air
20% oxygen
0.4% carbon dioxide
What percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide to do we breath out of our lungs
16% oxygen
4% carbon dioxide
What is vascular shunting
When you exercise the distribution of blood in your body changes. Your muscles need a lot more blood for movement so your body works to get more blood to your muscles
What are red blood cells
Most of the cells in blood are discs called red blood cells or erythrocytes. The pigment that gives the cells their colour is haemoglobin this is the part of the blood that attracts oxygen.
What is a high cell count
Athletes may go and train in high altitudes to increase their cell count.
What are white blood cells
The blood also contains white blood cells or leukocytes. These play an important role in the bodies defence systems as they help destroy pathogens and prevent infection
What are blood platelets
Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow. They are concerned with the production of a substance called thrombokinase . This is essential for clotting blood snd therefore stopping bleeding
What is plasma
Blood plasma is a pale straw- coloured liquid made up of 90% water. Plasma is important in sport because without circulation between cells and the tissues, oxygen transportation cannot happen- and that means muscles cannot get the energy.
