Cardio-Respiritory System

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

The movement of air from outside the body into cells within tissue

Question 2

Diaphragm

Answer 2

The primary muscle used in process of inspiration, or inhalation. A dome shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the rest of the body cavity

Question 3

Trachea

Answer 3

The tube that takes air into the chest, also known as the windpipe

Question 4

What is oxygen

Answer 4

The amount of oxygen needed at the end of a physical activity to break down any lactic acid known as oxygen debt

Question 5

What type of exercise will end up in oxygen

Answer 5

Anaerobic exercise or hard work for a amount of time

Question 6

How is oxygen debt repaid

Answer 6

Repaid through deep gasping breaths at the end of an activity

Question 7

What is the route that the air takes to get into the lungs

Answer 7

Through nose, down larynx, down trachea, through bronchus, into the bronchioles, into the alveoli, diffused into blood cells

Question 8

What is the systole

Answer 8

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries

Question 9

What is the diastole

Answer 9

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and lets the chambers fill with blood

Question 10

What is blood pressure

Answer 10

Pressure of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, especially the arteries

Question 11

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 11

Vein artery capillaries

Question 12

What is an artery

Answer 12

An artery is a blood vessel taking blood away from the heart

They have thicker more elastic walls that carry oxygenated blood often at a high pressure. The channel the blood flows through is called the lumen which can widen to allow more blood through

Question 13

What is a vein

Answer 13

A vessel carry blood back to the heart

They have much thinner walls and are less elastic as they carry blood at a lower pressure than arteries. Veins rarely pulsate but have many valves to ensure that blood doesn’t flow backwards

Question 14

What are capillaries

Answer 14

They are a microscopic vessel just 1 cell thick that link arteries with veins. The blood pressure in capillaries is very low

Question 15

What percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide to do we breath in out of the air

Answer 15

20% oxygen

0.4% carbon dioxide

Question 16

What percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide to do we breath out of our lungs

Answer 16

16% oxygen

4% carbon dioxide

Question 17

What is vascular shunting

Answer 17

When you exercise the distribution of blood in your body changes. Your muscles need a lot more blood for movement so your body works to get more blood to your muscles

Question 18

What are red blood cells

Answer 18

Most of the cells in blood are discs called red blood cells or erythrocytes. The pigment that gives the cells their colour is haemoglobin this is the part of the blood that attracts oxygen.

Question 19

What is a high cell count

Answer 19

Athletes may go and train in high altitudes to increase their cell count.

Question 20

What are white blood cells

Answer 20

The blood also contains white blood cells or leukocytes. These play an important role in the bodies defence systems as they help destroy pathogens and prevent infection

Question 21

What are blood platelets

Answer 21

Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow. They are concerned with the production of a substance called thrombokinase . This is essential for clotting blood snd therefore stopping bleeding

Question 22

What is plasma

Answer 22

Blood plasma is a pale straw- coloured liquid made up of 90% water. Plasma is important in sport because without circulation between cells and the tissues, oxygen transportation cannot happen- and that means muscles cannot get the energy.