C/11 Chloramphenicol. Polymyxins. Amtifolate drugs

Question 1

Chloramphenicol

Answer 1

Inhibitor of protein synthesis: 50S

Broad spectrum. Risk of severe toxicity, so limited use. bacteriostatic

Question 2

Colistin

Answer 2

Drug targeting the cell membrane. Polymyxin E

Attaches to and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane

Basic peptide against gram neg bacteria

Nephro- and neurotoxicity

Local use: ointment, tablet, aerosol

Question 3

Sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

Answer 3

Bactericidal combination

Trimethoprim inhibits the dehydrofolate enzyme. Used as monotherapy, rapid development of resistance. Used in uncomplicated UTIs. Good penetration to the brain, high c in prostatic and vaginal fluid
Adverse effects: megaloblastic anemia, panchtopenia

Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide. Structural analog of PABA: comp inh of dihydrofolic acid synthesis. Bacteriostatic
Allergic reactions, photosensitivity, GI, nephrotoxicity, hematoxicity, kernicterus in newborns (competes with bilirubin)