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Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 7 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plants are _________ as are some bacteria and protisis

A

photosynthetic autotrophs

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2
Q

-Autotrophs have the ability to

A

make their food via photo synthesis

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3
Q

During photosynthesis plants take in atmospheric CO2 through opening in their leaves called ________________ water is absorbed through plants roots

A

stomate

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4
Q

water _________ and as it exits through the __________ and such water up through the _________ this process is referred to as

A

evaperates, leaves, roots, transpiration

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5
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2+6H20-> C6H12O6+6O2

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6
Q

during transpiration water travels using _________ to plants

A

vascular cells

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7
Q

As water travels through vascular of transpiration is the transfer of nutrients, photosynthesis produces

A

nutrients glucose

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8
Q

photosynthesis occurs in

A

chloroplasts

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9
Q

contain light absorbing pigments called _____________ which is involved in converting solar energy into chemical energy

A

chlorophyll

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10
Q

chloroplasts contain folded interconnected membranous sacs called

A

thylakoids

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11
Q

thylakoids form stacks called

A

grana

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12
Q

Chloroplasts are found in high concentration in the ____________ (middle tissue) of a lead

A

mesaphyll cells

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13
Q

is the process by which autotrophic organisms convert light into chemical energy

A

photosynthesis

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14
Q

although chloroplasts can be found in multiple types of plants tissue

A

they are most abundant in the leaves of plants

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15
Q

guard cells regulate the opening of a

A

leaves stomata

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16
Q

has two parts, the light reactions and the dark reactions

A

photosynthesis

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17
Q

energy from light drives the synthesis of

A

ATP and NAPDH (electron carrier)

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18
Q

during the calvin cycle:

________: is required to synthesize sugar

A

ATP

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19
Q

during the calvin cycle:

________: important to synthesize sugar

A

NADPH reduces CO2

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20
Q

synthesis of ATP and acquisition of an e-

A

Light reaction

21
Q

uses ATP and reduced CO2 to form glucose

A

dark reaction

22
Q

light consists of high speed particles called

A

photons

23
Q

photons are packets of

A

electromagnetic energy

24
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum shows the full range of

A

radiation types

25
Q

Short wave length -> __________________

Long wave length -> ___________

A

high energy

low energy

26
Q

absorb specific electromagnetic wavelengths and convert them to chemical energy

A

chloroplasts

27
Q

contain different pigments to pick up different wavelength

A

chloroplasts

28
Q

the most important pigment in green plants is

A

chlorophyll

29
Q

_________ collides with pigment molecules inside the chloroplasts which absorbs some of the energy

A

visible light

30
Q

Once pigments absorb photons:

A

-that energy splits

e- then move from ground state to an excited state

31
Q

the electrons are then harnessed in a network of pigments referred to as a

A

photosystem

32
Q

chlorophyll absorbs photons increasing

A

energetic states of an e-

33
Q

after H2O is split, e- become energized and transfer to different pigment molecules until they reach a _________

A

reaction center

34
Q

once e- reaches the reaction center they can become energized and bump up to a

A

primary electron acceptor

35
Q

is a molecular light-capture device

-a pigment supported by other molecules receives an energy boost by the impact of photons

A

photosystem

36
Q

After e- interact with the primary electron acceptor in the water-splitting photosystem (Photosystem II), they can travel to the NADPH producing photosystem (Photosystem I) via an electron transport chain

2nd: Once they enter the NADPH producing photosystem, e- can re-energize again (higher energy state) to another Primary electron acceptor
3rd: e- can then reduce NADP+ to NADPH, acting as a high energy electron carrier

A

NADPH-producing photosystem

37
Q

two sequential photosytems are needs to complete

A

light reactions

38
Q

two electron transport chains act during

A

light reactions

39
Q

Carbon enters as CO2 and gets fixed to a 5 carbon compound called RuBP (Rubulose bisphosphate), this then breaks down into two 3-carbon molecules

  1. EnzymesuseATP&NADPHe-tothe3-carbonmolecule into G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
  2. Plants use G3P made in the Calvin cycle to make glucose, other G3P molecules continue in the Calvin cycle
  3. After sugar is made, any left over G3P molecules are used to regenerate more RuBP, which can fix more CO2 molecules
A

making sugar from CO2

40
Q

least efficicient at producing glucose

A

C3 plants

41
Q

calvin cyle uses co2 directs from air. Co2 intake is reduced decreasing

A

photostigmatic rates

42
Q

they store CO2 into a 4-carbon molecule, which can supply the Calvin cycle with carbon to produce sugar even when stomata are closed during hot and dry conditions.
•Ex: sugarcane & corn

A

C4 plants

43
Q

opens stomata at night only, and closes
them during the day to prevent water loss
– They also store CO2 in a 4-carbon molecule which can supply the Calvin cycle with carbon to produce glucose during the day
– Ex: pineapples, cactus, & succulent plants

A

CAM plants

44
Q

operates on a global scale.
– Solar radiation includes visible light that penetrates the Earth’s atmosphere and warms the planet’s surface.
– Heat radiating from the warmed planet is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, which then reflects some of the heat back to Earth.
– Without the warming of the greenhouse effect, the Earth would be much colder and most life as we know it could not exist.

A

the green house effect

45
Q

The gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat radiation are called greenhouse gases. These include

A
  • water vapor
  • C02
  • Methane
46
Q

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have been linked to ________________(also called global warming), a slow but steady rise in Earth’s surface temperature.

A

global climate change

47
Q

Since 1850, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by about 40%, mostly due to the combustion of fossil fuels including

A

coal
oil
gas

48
Q

The predicted consequences of continued warming include

A 
melting of the polar ice caps 
-rise in water levels 
-extreeme weather 
drought
increased extinction rates, and
– the spread of tropical diseases.
49
Q

Global warming caused by increasing CO2 levels may be reduced by

A

-limiting deforestation
-reducing fossil fuels
– growing biofuel crops that remove CO2 from the atmosphere.

Biology 100 (23 decks)

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