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Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 6 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Your body breaks down glucose to produce

A

ATP

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2
Q

ATP is used for ______ and is important in the ________ of organisms

A

energy; metabolism

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of Metabolism

A
  • aerobic

- anaerobic

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4
Q

6H2O+6CO2->C6H12O6+6O2

A

Photosynthesis

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5
Q

metobolism breaks down glucose in the presence of O2 to produce ATP

A

Aerobic

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6
Q

metabolism breaks down glucose in absence of O2, to produce far less

A

anaerobic

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7
Q

In the presence of sunlight plants convert water and carbon dioxide to

A

glucose and 02

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8
Q

(self feeders) include plants and some other organisms that make their own organic matter from inorganic nutrients.

A

autotrophs

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9
Q

other feeders. Humans and many other animals that cannot make their own food from inorganic materials

A

heterotrophs

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10
Q

autotrophs and other producers in an ecosystem

A

producer

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11
Q

Heterotrophs and other animals are this because they eat plants and other animals

A

consumers

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12
Q

____________ is fuel in cellular respiration

A

glucose

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13
Q

aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules

A

cellular respiration

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14
Q

Plants and animals under go ____________ which depends on gas exchange

A

cellular respiration

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15
Q

_________ and ________ undergo cellular respiration

A

plants and animals

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16
Q

Plants take in _________ through _______ and give off __________

A

CO2, leaves, 02

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17
Q

Animals take in _______ through __________ and give off ______________

A

O2 lungs, CO2

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18
Q

includes a series of hydrogen atoms and electron transfers

A

cellular respirtation

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19
Q

In cellular respirtation oxogen atoms

A

attract

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20
Q

In cellular respirtation hydrogen ions and their electrons move from ____________

A

glucose to O2 to make water

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21
Q

The removal of electrons from molecules is called

A

Oxidation

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22
Q

The transfer of electrons from one molecule to another are called

A

REDOX reactions

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23
Q

Electron loss as a part of a redox reaction is called

A

oxidation LEO

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24
Q

Electron gain as a part of a redox reaction is called

A

Reduction GER

25
Q

H+ and E- are removed from glucose by the ________ e- start the transfer with ___________

A

enzyme dehydrogenase; high energy

26
Q

electrons start the transfer from glucose to oxygen and they

A

lose energy

27
Q

These electrons eventually react with O2 and release ______________________

A

small amounts of energy

28
Q

The trip of an electron down the energy hill may involve

A

other molecules

29
Q

some molecules act as

A

energy producing turbins

30
Q

The trip begins with NAD+ a

A

electron acceptor

31
Q

A series of ______________ transfer the electrons to an even lower energy state in a series of redox reactions

A

electron acceptor molecules

32
Q

The electron transport chain facilitates the ________________ of electrons

A

transfer of electrons

33
Q

Eventually this transfer of e-

A

activates electron transport proteins to make ATP

34
Q

is an example of a metabolic pathway

A

cellular respiration

35
Q

is a set of chemical reactions in cells

A

metabolism

36
Q

what are some of the distict stages of cellular respiration

A
  • glycolysis
  • preparatory stage
  • the citric acid cycle
  • the electron transport chain
37
Q

Glucose is broken down into two molecules of

A

pyruvic acid are formed

38
Q

the electrons from ______ to _____ in glycolisis

A

NAD to NADH

39
Q

Each molecule of pyruvic acid transfers 1 phosphate to ADP is

A

ATP

40
Q

Enzymes aid in the transfer of

A

phosphate

41
Q

2 moles of _______ are made from 1 molecule of __________

A

ATP and glucose

42
Q

must be prepared before entering the citric acid cycle

A

pyruvic acid

43
Q

the pyruvic acid from glycolysis is transferred into ___________ which can now enter the citric acid cycle

A

acetyl coenzyme

44
Q

What are the steps in the citric acid cycle

A
  1. 2 carbon molecule joins a 4 carbon molecule to form citric acid
  2. 2CO2 molecules exit as waste
  3. most of energy from electrons are captured by NADH which may transfer electrons
  4. Some energy transfers ADP and ATP
  5. Remaining electrons are captured by FADH2
  6. Any 4 carbon molecules in cycle are recycled and join another acetyl CoA forming citric acid
45
Q

The electron acceptors of electron transport chains are built into the ____________ of _________

A

inner membrane of mitochondria

46
Q

Electrons move from one electron aceptor to the next to a ________ energy state

A

lower

47
Q

Energy is not lost but used to fuel the

A

hydrogen pump

48
Q

on the more highly concentrated side of the membrane have tendency to return to the other side of the membrane

A

hydrogen ions

49
Q

the _________ energy from the hydorgen ions flow from the hydrogen ion that allows ATP to be involved in a process know as _____________

A

kinetic energy; chromiosmosis

50
Q

The processes of cellular respiration uses other molecules such as

A
  • carbohydrates
  • fats
  • proteins
51
Q

energy is extracted best from glucose most efficiently in the presents of

A

oxogen

52
Q

With oxogen glucose extracts _____ ATP with out oxygen it extracts ___________

A

32, 2

53
Q

lactic acid is an example of

A

anaerobic respiration

54
Q

because lactic acid can nat enter the citric acid cycle the effectiveness of the ___________ is limited

A

metabolism

55
Q

human muscle cells can break down glucose and make ATP through

A

Anaerobic process

56
Q

is the anerobic process pathway to obtain energy from food in the absense of oxgen

A

fermentation

57
Q

fermentation in yeast and baking, and wine making is

A

alchoholic fermentation

58
Q

fermentation is used in

A

pickling
baking
production of cheeses
production of alchohol

Biology 100 (23 decks)

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