Biology 100 Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

one of the most versatile and essential atoms used in the building blocks of cells

A

Carbon

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2
Q

Molecules which contain carbon are referred to as __________molecules

A

organic

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3
Q

___________ is the study of carbon compounds

A

organic chemistry

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4
Q

Carbon can form ______________

A

4 covelent bonds

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5
Q

Carbon compounds can be ___________ ________ __________

A

linear, branched, and cyclical

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6
Q

The simplest organic compound is ________ a hydrocarbon

A

methane

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7
Q

contain only carbon and hydrogen

A

hydrocarbon

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8
Q

Larger hydrocarbons

A

gasoline, fat molecules, energy storage

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9
Q

Functional Groups

A

molecules that attach to hydrocarbons

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10
Q

Giant molecules used in contructing cells

A

macromolecules

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11
Q

most macromolecules are constructed by grouping together smaller molecules called

A

monomers

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12
Q

multiple monomers

A

polyemer

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13
Q

Monomers are linked through

A

dehyderation synthesis

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14
Q

the reverse of dehydration synthesis

A

hydrolosis

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15
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules

A
  • carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acid
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16
Q

small carbohydrates

A

sugars

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17
Q

long molecules such as _______ found in potatoes

A

starch

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18
Q

strong molecules such as ____________ in plants

A

cellulose

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19
Q

simple sugars composed of a sugar monomer

A

monosaccharides ex: Glucose, Glactose, Fructose

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20
Q

glucose and fructose have identical molecular formulas but different structures therefore they are

A

isomers

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21
Q

when disolved in water monosaccharides form a

A

ring structure and can be broken down for energy in our cells

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22
Q

a double sugar constrcucted of two monosaccharides

A

disaccharides ex: maltose, fructose, lactose

23
Q

bond in disaccharides

A

gylcosidic bond

24
Q

long chain sugars that are straight or branched

A

polysaccharides ex: glycogen, starch, cellulose

25
Q

are long chains of glucose, used in plant cells for energy storage, potatoes and grains are major source of this

A

starch

26
Q

long chains of glucose used in animals to store excess sugar it differs from starch by having braches

A

Glycogen

27
Q

is a structured molecule in plants, it is the most abundant organic compound on earth, contains long strands of glucose, forms fiber and structural layers in plants

A

cellulous

28
Q

cellulous makes plants difficult to digest forcing animals

A

two chew partially digested food and host bacteria in their digestive tract

29
Q

water loving, molecules that dissolve in water

A

hydrophilic

30
Q

afraid of water, molecules which do not disolve in water

A

hydrophobic

31
Q

fats made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

triglycerides

32
Q

what are the functions of fat

A
  • energy storage-fats provide long term storage that can deliver energy needed
  • cushoning- many sensitive parts of the body are cushoned by fat
  • insilation- fat layers serve as protection against heat loss
33
Q

have a double bond between at least two carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain

A

unsaturated fatty acid

-mono and polly

34
Q

do not contain any double bonds

A

saturated fatty acids

35
Q

linear shapes allow for easy stacking, solid at room temperature

A

saturated fatty acids

36
Q

double bonds create kinks making stacking difficult liquid at room temp

A

unsaturated fatty acids

37
Q

a modified triglyceride made of a glycerol and 2 non polar fatty acid tails and a polar phosphate head

A

Phospholipids

38
Q

are lipids with unique structure and function. made of a carbon skeleton it is bent to form a four fused ring structure

A

steroid

Ex: cholestrol, testosteron, estrogen

39
Q

are constructed of different amino acids. They perform the majority of cellular function

A

protein

40
Q

how many amino acids

A

20

41
Q

each amino acid is made of

A
  • amino group
  • carboxyl group
  • side chain
42
Q

the bond between the carbon atom and the nitrogen is called a

A

peptide bond

43
Q

when proteins lose their shape and function the process is called ________ occures in high temp and PH

A

denaturation

44
Q

what is the primary structure of proteins

A

linear sequence of amino acids

45
Q

what is the secondary structure of proteins

A

folding of primary structure reinforced by H-bonds

ex: Alpha helix, beta pleta sheet

46
Q

what is the tertiary structure of proteins

A

3 dementional shape

47
Q

What is the quaternary structure of proteins

A

multiple tertiary proteins combined

48
Q

store information to make proteins

A

nucleic acids

49
Q

what are the three types of nucleic acid molecules

A

DNA
RNA
ATR

50
Q

Nucleic acid is made from

A

nucleotides ‘building blocks”

51
Q

nucleotide=

A

phosphate+ Sugar+ nitrogenous base

52
Q

DNA and RNA are made of

A

nucleotides that are strung together

53
Q
  • Double Stranded
  • Uses deoxyribose
  • bases AT and GC
  • in Ukaryot nucleous
  • prokariot nucleoid
A

DNA

54
Q

-Single stranded
Uses Ribose
-bases AU and GC

A

RNA