Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 18 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 18 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animals are:

4

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multicellular
  • Heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by ingestion
  • Able to ingest then digest their food within their bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Animal cells lack the ____________________

A

cell walls that provide strong support in the bodies of plants and fungi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most animals are _________ but __________________

A

diploid, having haploid eggs and sperm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sea Stars reproduce ______________

A

sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the developmental stages of of a sea star (4)

A
  1. Sperm + egg
  2. Zygote
  3. Blastula
  4. Gastrula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many layers does the gastrula have

A

4 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Animals are considered to have evolved from

A

colonial flagellated protists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Multiple protist cells are thought to _________________ _____________________________________

A

gradually become more specialized, developing distinct layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Major phyla of Animals are present in

A

old Cambrian rock, exhibiting tremendous animal diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is known as the __________________, because life suddenly appeared or “exploded” as different forms

A

cambrian explosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Many of the strange creatures seen in Cambrian fossil beds are now extinct, but

A

some life forms still exist today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To build a phylogeny of all animals, scientists compare a variety of data sets, including

A

comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the evolution of a genetically related group of organisms as distinguished from the development of the individual organism

A

phylogeny of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

There are______________key characteristics of animal development

A

four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four key characteristics of animal developement:

A

(1) the development of true tissues (endoderm, mesoderm & ectoderm)
(2) the development of complex body symmetry
(3) The development of a true body cavity led to complex internal
(4) Among the more complex coelomate animals we can distinguish two main types coelom formation based on their embryonic development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is a fluid-filled compartment that separates the outer body from the digestive tract.

A

body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This cavity may be ________, partially present as a ______________ or complete as a _______________.

A

acoelmate, pseudocaelom, true coloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In _____________, such as vertebrates and sea stars

A

deuterostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In deuterostomes:
the first embryonic infolding becomes the _______,
and
• the coelom develops from the gut

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In _______________
• the first embryonic infolding becomes the _______,
and
• the coelom develops from cell masses.

A

protostomes, mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sponges ________________________, so they are thought to be a primitive animal

A

do not have true tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sponges are (2)

A

sessile (attached to a substrate) and lack true tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

They have several autonomous cell types, such as ____________ ___________________

A

ameobocytes and choarocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Many sponges exhibit _________________, meaning that their parts are arranged around a central axis.

A

radial symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Flagellated _________________, filter food from the water passing through the porous body.

A

choarocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It is thought that choarocytes arose from multicellular ____________________, which still exist today

A

choanoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Once food is captured, Water ____________ flow distributes food
to other cells

A

ameobocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

are the simplest animals with true tissues.

A

Cnidarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cnidarians exist in either of two radial symmetrical forms.

A

They include jellyfish & sea anemones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sessile __________, such as hydra, corals, sea anemones

A

polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

medusas or ____________ are part of the phylum _________

A

jellyfish, cnidaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

________________________: incomplete digestive system, the food enters, and wastes exits through the same opening

A

gastrovascular cavity

33
Q

Some Cnidarians have _________________, which are unique stinging cells that capture prey and aid in defense.

A

cnidocytes

34
Q

are represented by soft-bodied animals, usually protected by a hard shell. They include Gastropods, Bivalves & Cephalopods

A

molluscs

35
Q

Many molluscs feed by using a file-like organ called a __________ to scrape up food.

A

radula

36
Q

The body of a mollusc has three main parts:

A

– A muscular foot
– A visceral mass
– A mantle,

37
Q

Gastropods are the largest group of molluscs and include the _______________________.

A

snails and slugs

38
Q

Gastropods are

A

– found in fresh water,saltwater,andterrestrial environments,
– the only molluscs that live on land, using the mantle cavity as a lung, and
– often protected by a single, spiral shell.

39
Q

A muscular foot

A

used for movement

40
Q

A visceral mass

A

housing most of the internal organs

41
Q

A mantle,

A

which secretes the shell if present

42
Q

Many gastropods are _______________________ and have long colorful projections that function as gills.

A

slugs that lack a mantle and shell

43
Q

include clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops and

A

Bivalves

44
Q

Bivalves have shells divided into

A

two halves that are hinged together.

45
Q

Most bivalves are ___________________________

A

sedentary suspension feeders, attached to the substrate by strong threads.

46
Q

include squids, octopuses, and nautiluses,

– are fast,agile predators,

A

Cephalopods:

47
Q

Cephalopods:have large brains and sophisticated sense organs, including complex __________________,

A

image focusing eyes

48
Q

Example of a Cephalopods:

A

Squid are fast, streamlined predators that use a muscular siphon for jet propulsion.

49
Q

are the simplest bilateral animals.

A

flatworms

50
Q

Flatworms:

A

They do not have a coelom, nor a complete digestive tract,
food and waste goes out of only 1 opening
– Most are free-living forms, called planariams

51
Q

– These include tapeworms and liver
flukes.
– Human tapeworms can reach a length of 60 feet long

A

flatworms are parasitic.

52
Q

Annelids are worms whose bodies are elongated by _____________________________.

A

repetitive body segments

53
Q

There are three types of annelids.

A
  • olgachaetes
  • polychaetes
  • leeches
54
Q

are earthworms, which eat their way through soil.

A

oligachaetes

55
Q

________________ are free- swimming or burrowing marine worms.

A

polychaetes

56
Q

_________________ are blood- sucking parasites,

A

leeches

57
Q

Roundworms exhibit a digestive tract, having two openings, _______ __________________.

A

a mouth and an anus

58
Q

can process food and absorb nutrients more efficiently.

A

A complete digestive tract

59
Q

Arthropods have specialized segments and an exoskeleton made of ____________.

A

chitin

60
Q

There are four main groups of arthropods

A
  • arachnids
  • crustaceans
  • millinedes
  • insects
61
Q

include spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites.

A

arachnids

62
Q

are crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps, and barnacles.

A

crustaceans

63
Q

(two pairs of legs per segment) & centipeds (one pair).

A

millinedes

64
Q

are the most diverse of any type of animal. 70% of all identified animal species are

A

instects

65
Q

There may be as many as __________________ __________________.

A

30 million insect species

66
Q

The body of an insect typically includes

A 
• a head,
• thorax,
• abdomen,
• three sets of legs,
• wings (with few
exceptions).
67
Q

Most adult insects have a

A

3 part body

68
Q

Most insects undergo______________________ where larva specialize in growth and development, then the non feeding pupa rebuilds its body, then is finally transformed into an adult insect.

A

complete metamorphasis

69
Q

Metamorphosis prevents
________________
________________
________________

A

competion between youth and adults

70
Q

Other insect species undergo _________________ _________________in which the transition from larva to adult is achieved through multiple molts without forming a pupa.

A

incomplete metamorphasis

71
Q

__________________Many insects have protective color patterns and disguises, including modifications to

A

Protective color patterns:, (antennae, wings, bodies)

72
Q

Marine organisms in this phylum are characterized by their ________________. They usually have an endoskeleton, and exhibit
radial symmetry.

A

spinny skin

73
Q

This group includes sea stars, sand dollars, sea

urchins, and sea cucumbers.

A

Phylum Echinodermata

74
Q

Unique to echinoderms is their ___________________, which facilitates gas exchange, waste disposal and allows the use of suction-cup-like tube feet for locomotion.

A

water vasculor system

75
Q

the Phylum Chordata can be further classified into 3 subphylum.

A

vertabrates, laceleta, tyricates

76
Q

There are four defining characteristics of organisms in the Phylum Chordata.

A
  • norsal hollow nerve cord
  • notachord
  • pharyngeal gill slites
  • post anal tails
77
Q

use of a norsal nerve cord

A

spinal cord support

78
Q

use pf notachord

A

support for fines and limbs

79
Q

post anal ails used for

A

sometimes reduced

Biology 100 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions