Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 5 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Energy is defined as

A

the capacity to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All organisms require _________ as a part of their _________ to stay alive

A

energy; metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Energy is obtain either through __________ or ________________

A

photosynthesis; ingested food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Energy can be neither ___________ nor _____________

A

created; destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Energy in motion is called

A

kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an example of kinetic energy. The random movement of molecules.

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stored energy

A

potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is an example of potential energy, food storage in chemical bonds of molecules

A

chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the first law of Thermodynamics say

A

“neither matter nor energy can be created or destroyed but it can be transferred and transformed.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glucose being broken down from one form to another is an example of

A

the first law of thermodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the second law of thermodynamics say

A

“energy is not 100% efficient”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Energy has a tendancy to head toward a state of

A

more entropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

entropy is

A

disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Some energy is always lost as

A

heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The following reaction is a reaction found in ________________ :
octane(gas) + O2-> CO2+H2O+ENERGY

A

automobiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the energy conversion process in cells is called

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ATP is

A

adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ATP consists of

A

adenosine and three phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ATP is broken down into

A

ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

this is the chemical reaction for _________:

ATP-> ADP +energy

A

ATP broken down into ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ATP can energize other molecules by transferring

A

phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The phosphate groups from ATP can be used in

A

chemical reactions, mechanical work, and transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the phosphate transfer chemical reaction for the ATP’S USE OF ENERGY

A

ATP-> Energy+ADP+P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the phosphate transfer chemical reaction for ATP’s storage of ENERGY

A

ADP+Energy+P-> ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the sum total of all chemical reactions in an organism

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

are proteins that facilitate cellular reactions

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What 2 things do enzymes do

A
  • trigger reactions to occur

- turn of existing reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

All chemical reactions involve

A

energy transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

A

activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

enzymes low activation energy allows ___________________________________

A

reactions to occur more readily

31
Q

enzymes are referred to as _____________ because of enzymes lower _______________

A

catalysts, lower activation energy

32
Q

What are enzyme activities influenced by (4)

A
  • temperature
  • salt concentration
  • PH
  • Concentration
33
Q

denatures enzymes by altering 3D shape

A

(high) temperature

34
Q

ions can interfere with active site

A

salt concentration

35
Q

can change the 3D shape or interfere with active site

A

PH

36
Q

the ______ of enzyme or substrate

A

concentration

37
Q

Enzymes are _______________ _________ which react with certain molecules called ______________

A

active site, substrate

38
Q

the conformational change that enzymes undergo after interacting with the substrate, which makes the active site and the site of the enzyme and substrate even tighter and the interaction more efficient.

A

induced fit

39
Q

Enzymes are not _________ rather they are ________ meaning they are used multiple time

A

consumed; recycled

40
Q

each enzyme interacts with a specific

A

substrate

41
Q

-ace ending indicates a

A

enzyme

42
Q

Lactace->

Sucrace->

A

Lactose

Sucrose

43
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A
  • prevent reactions from taking place

- permanently fill the active site instead of the substraite preventing certain reactions from occuring

44
Q

permanently fill the active site instead of the substraite prevents

A

certain reactions from occuring

45
Q

other inhibitors many interact with a different part of enzyme

A

causing the active site to change shape

46
Q

some antibiotico and drugs act as inhibitors with

A

prevent bacteria enzymes from fuctioning properly

47
Q

calls can regulate the import and export of chemicals used in chemical reactions by way of the

A

plasma membrain

48
Q

____________ is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

A

plasma membrane

49
Q

the unique characteristics of the plasma membrane makes it ___________________________ enabling some molecules to freely pass where as others enter only via protein channels

A

selectively permiable

50
Q

random movement of molecules

A

diffusion

51
Q

molecules move from __________ concetration to ____________ concentration

A

high to low

52
Q

cells have membrane transport mechanisms which many facilitate _____________ molecules in or out of cell

A

diffusion

53
Q

Some molecules may pass freely through the plasma membrane while others need assistance through

A

proteins imbedded in the plasma membrane

54
Q

no energy is needed molecolecules travel across a membrane from high concentration to low

A

passive transport “diffusion”

55
Q

specific transport proteins are selective in which molecules may pass into cells (no energy required)

A

facilitated diffusion

56
Q

cells use energy to move molecules from low concentration to high concentration

A

active transport

57
Q

active transport uses _________________ or _____ to move molecules across the membrane from low to high concentration

A

energy or ATP

58
Q

solutions with equal solute concentrations as solution outside of it

A

isotonic

59
Q

solution with a lower concentration of solutes of solution outside of it

A

hyotonic

60
Q

solution with a higher concentration of solutes of solution outside of it

A

hypertonic

61
Q

is water passively moving across a selectively permiable membrane to equalize concentration

A

osmosis

62
Q

when cells have different concetrations than their enviroment it results in

A

water loss or water gain

63
Q

solutes usually do not enter or exit the cell rather

A

the concentration of water inside or outside the cell may change

64
Q

the control of water balance in cells

A

osmoregulation

65
Q

during ____________ large molecules are transferred by vesicles outside the cell.

A

exocytis

66
Q

The plasma membrane forms substance around substances moving then in vesicles which are brought into the cell

A

endocytosis

67
Q

a cell engulfs large food particles or entire organisms

A

phogocytosis

68
Q

a cell gulps droplets of fluid by forming tiny vesicles

A

pinocytosis

69
Q

external molecules bind to a specific protein on the plasma membrane then are brought into the cell

A

receptor mediated endocytosis

70
Q

_______ are also involved in cellular communication by binding signal molecules

A

receptors

71
Q

when an extracellular signal molecule is bound to a cell

A

surface proteins may change shape of protein

72
Q

extracellular signal molecules ______________

A

pass signals to the inside of the cell

73
Q

when extracellular signal molecules pass signals to the inside of the cell it is called

A

transduction pathway

74
Q

in ATP what is the charge of the Phosphate

A

negative

Biology 100 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions