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Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 2 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the building blocks of matter? They can not be broken down into smaller components

A

Chemical elements

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2
Q

How many elements occur naturally?

A

92

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3
Q

Biology begins at the _______ level and work toward organismal level

A

atomic level

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4
Q

something that occupies space and has mass is called

A

matter

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5
Q

On earth matter exists in three physical states

A

solid, liquid, gas

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6
Q

What lists all elements in an order based on certain characteristics

A

The Periodic Table

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7
Q

What elements make up 96% of the weight of the human body?

A

O, C, H, N

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8
Q

What occur in small amounts but are necessary for life?

A

Trace Elements

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9
Q

How many elements are essential for life

A

About 25

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10
Q

A ________ is formed when two or more atoms join together chemical

A

Molecule

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11
Q

A ________ is a molecule that contains at least two different elements

A

Compound

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12
Q

A _______ is the smallest unit of matter

A

Atom

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13
Q

Atoms are constructed of

A

Protons, Nutrons, and Electrons

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14
Q

positively charged has mass

A

Protons

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15
Q

no charge, has mass

A

Nuetrons

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16
Q

negative charge, no mass

A

Electron

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17
Q

Protons and Nuetrons reside in the

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

A _____ is an atom’s central core

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

The electrons reside and orbit in

A

Electron Shells

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20
Q

The _____ is the number of protons, it determines the element

A

atomic #

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21
Q

The ________ of an atom is the sum of the protons and the nuetrons

A

mass #/ atomic mass

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22
Q

Elements are classified by _______________________

A

the number of protons and nuetrons in nucleus

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23
Q

forms of an element with different mass

  • The protons and electrons remain the same
  • Nutrons skew
A

Isotopes

24
Q

spheres which orbit the nucleus and carry electrons l

A

Electron Shells

25
Q

Electrons on the outermost shells determine the atom’s ________

A

properties

26
Q

essentially when atoms change electron configuration

A

Chemical Reactions

27
Q

Atoms may give up o aquire electrons to satisfy or fill their outer electron shells

A
  • 2 electrons for inner shell

- 8 electrons for outer shells

28
Q

What are the two types of bonds

A
  • ionic

- covelent

29
Q

When an atom changes its normal number of electrons it takes on an

A

electric charge

30
Q

Charged atoms are called

A

Ions

31
Q

Adding an electron gives a

A

Negative charge

32
Q

Losing an electron gives a

A

Positive Charge

33
Q

Ions are charged because

A

they have a different number of protons than nuetruns

34
Q

are formed between oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic Bonds

35
Q

positively charged ions

A

Cations

36
Q

Negatively Charged ions

A

Anions

37
Q

A covelent bond formes when two atoms ______________________

A

share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons

38
Q

In chemical reactions:

  • starting material
  • ending material
A

Reactants, Products

39
Q

How is the earth dependant on water?

A
  • Cells: modern life remains tied to water

- Cells are composed of 70-80%

40
Q

What has key characteristics such as

A

surface tension, melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, specific heat, atomic configuration

41
Q

Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are joined by single covalent bonds

A

2 covelent bonds

42
Q

an atom that exerts more attraction on electrons is

A

more electronegative

43
Q

Unequal electron sharing makes water

A

polar

44
Q

Electrons orbit around Oxygen the majority of the time, making the

A

Oxogen portion partially negative

45
Q

Tiny polar molecules acting as tiny magnets

A

Hydrogen bond

46
Q

Hydrogen bonding’s property that allows water molecules to hold together

A

Cohesion

ex: water transportation in plants

47
Q

Water has a lower density in ________ form which is why ice floats

A

liquid

48
Q

a liquid in which two or more substances are evenly mixed

A

Solution

49
Q

the dissolving liquid is called the

A

solvent

50
Q

the dissolving substance is called the

A

solute

51
Q

a solution with water as the solvent is called an _________ solution

A

aqueous

52
Q

an ________ forms when a chemical compound donates H+ ions to a solution PH: low 0-6

A

Acid

53
Q

a _______ forms when a chemical compound removes H+ and adds OH- to the solution PH: High 8-14

A

Base

54
Q

the unit we use to measure the relative amount of H+ ions in the solution

A

PH

55
Q

help our body stabalize PH

A

Buffers

Biology 100 (23 decks)

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