Biochemistry 5: Lipid Structure and Function Flashcards
lipids
biomolecules that are insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
phospholipids
polar head = phosphate and alcohol
joined to fatty acid tail with phosphodiester linkages
glycerophospholipids
phospholipids with a glycerol backbone
bonded by ester linkages to 2 fatty acids
bonded by a phosphate linkage to a polar head group
phosphatidylcholine
a glycerophospholipid with a choline head group
phosphatidylethanolamine
a glycerophospholipid with an ethanolamine head group
sphingolipids
lipids with a sphingosine or sphingoid backbone
linked to fatty acids and a polar head group
some can be phospholipids because of their phosphodiester linkage
others can be glycolipids because of their glycosidic linkage
ceramides
sphingolipids with a single H as it’s head group
sphingomyelin
sphingolipids with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine head have a phosphodiester bond, so are sphingophospholipids
have no net charge
highly present in membranes of cells that produce myelin
glycosphingolipids
sphingolipids with head groups of sugars bonded with glycosidic linkages
cerebrosides
glycosphingolipids attached to a single sugar moiety
globosides
glycosphingolipids attached to two or more sugar moieties
gangliosides
sphingolipids with polar head groups of oligosaccharides with one or more N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA/sialic acid)
have glycosidic linkages so they are glycosphingolipids
waxes
esters of long-chain alcohols used as protection against evaporation and parasites in plants and animals
terpenes
odiferous steroid precursors made from isoprene subunits
protective compounds made by plants and insects
a single compound has two isoprene units
sesquiterpenes
have 3 isoprenes