Biochemistry 5: Lipid Structure and Function Flashcards
lipids
biomolecules that are insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
phospholipids
polar head = phosphate and alcohol
joined to fatty acid tail with phosphodiester linkages
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/530/a_image_thumb.jpg?1596153225)
glycerophospholipids
phospholipids with a glycerol backbone
bonded by ester linkages to 2 fatty acids
bonded by a phosphate linkage to a polar head group
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/531/a_image_thumb.jpg?1596153287)
phosphatidylcholine
a glycerophospholipid with a choline head group
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/532/a_image_thumb.png?1596153404)
phosphatidylethanolamine
a glycerophospholipid with an ethanolamine head group
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/533/a_image_thumb.jpg?1596155767)
sphingolipids
lipids with a sphingosine or sphingoid backbone
linked to fatty acids and a polar head group
some can be phospholipids because of their phosphodiester linkage
others can be glycolipids because of their glycosidic linkage
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/534/a_image_thumb.png?1596155844)
ceramides
sphingolipids with a single H as it’s head group
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/841/a_image_thumb.png?1596155993)
sphingomyelin
sphingolipids with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine head have a phosphodiester bond, so are sphingophospholipids
have no net charge
highly present in membranes of cells that produce myelin
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/842/a_image_thumb.png?1596156118)
glycosphingolipids
sphingolipids with head groups of sugars bonded with glycosidic linkages
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/843/a_image_thumb.png?1596157044)
cerebrosides
glycosphingolipids attached to a single sugar moiety
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/844/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1596157740)
globosides
glycosphingolipids attached to two or more sugar moieties
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/845/a_image_thumb.png?1596158237)
gangliosides
sphingolipids with polar head groups of oligosaccharides with one or more N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA/sialic acid)
have glycosidic linkages so they are glycosphingolipids
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/846/a_image_thumb.png?1596158560)
waxes
esters of long-chain alcohols used as protection against evaporation and parasites in plants and animals
terpenes
odiferous steroid precursors made from isoprene subunits
protective compounds made by plants and insects
a single compound has two isoprene units
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/314/971/848/a_image_thumb.jpg?1596159183)
sesquiterpenes
have 3 isoprenes