Behavioral Sciences 5: Motivation, Emotion, and Stress Flashcards
motivation
purpose/driving force behind our actions
extrinsic motivation
motivation created by external forces
ex. rewards and punishments
intrinsic motivation
motivation based on internal drive or perception
ex. personal gratification
instinct
innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to stimuli
instinct theory
theory that people are driven to do certain behaviors based on instincts
instincts can be conflicting and can override each other with experience
arousal
psychological and physiological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli
arousal theory
people perform actions to maintain an optimal level of arousal
Yerkes-Dodson law
law that performance is worst and extremely high and low levels of arousal
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drives
internal states of tension that activate particular behavior focused on goals
primary drives
drives that motivate us to sustain bodily processes in homeostasis, regulated by negative feedback loops
secondary drives
drives that motivate us to fulfill non-biological, emotional, or “learned” desires
drive reduction theory
motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable internal states
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
model that prioritizes needs into five categories:
- physiological needs
- safety and security
- love and belonging
- self-esteem
- self-actualization
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/315/265/831/a_image_thumb.png?1593632263)
self-determination theory
there are three universal needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) must be met in order to develop healthy relationships
incentive theory
explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments
expectancy-value theory
the amount of motivation for a task is based on the individual’s expectation of success and the amount that success is valued
opponent-process theory
motivation for drug use
as drug use increases, body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfy withdrawal symptoms
emotion
a state of mind/feeling that is subjectively experienced based on circumstances, mood, and relationships