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Bad Girl's MCAT Club > Behavioral Sciences 9: Social Interaction > Flashcards

Behavioral Sciences 9: Social Interaction Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

statuses

A

positions in society that are used to classify individuals

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2
Q

three key types of statuses

A

Ascribed

Achieved

Master

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3
Q

ascribed status

A

status that is given voluntarily

ex. race, gender, family background

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4
Q

achieved status

A

status that is gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices

ex. being a doctor

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5
Q

master status

A

stats by which a person is most identified, the most important status the individual holds and affects all aspects of that person’s life

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6
Q

role

A

set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status

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7
Q

role performance

A

the carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role

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8
Q

role partner

A

the person with whom one is interacting

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9
Q

role set

A

the various roles associated with a status

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10
Q

role conflict

A

difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of multiple roles

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11
Q

role strain

A

difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role

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12
Q

role exit

A

the dropping of one identity for another

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13
Q

group / social group

A

two or more people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity

  • as size increases, members trade intimacy for stability
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14
Q

peer group

A

a group that is defined by the association of self-selected equals around similar interests, ages, and statuses

provide an opportunity for friendship and feelings of belonging

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15
Q

family group

A

group that is not self-selected but instead determined by birth, adoption, marriage

joins members of various ages, sexes, generations through emotional ties

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16
Q

in-groups

A

groups to which an individual belongs

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17
Q

out-groups

A

groups with which an individual competes or is in oppostion

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18
Q

reference groups

A

groups that establish the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves

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19
Q

primary group

A

group in which interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relationships to members

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20
Q

secondary group

A

group in which interactions are superficial, with few emotional bonds

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21
Q

community

A

groups unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography

  • Gemeinschaft*
    ex. family and neighborhood
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22
Q

society

A

groups that are formed because of mutual self-interests working together towards the same goal

  • Gesellschaft*
    ex. companies and countries
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23
Q

group conformity

A

individuals are compliant with the group’s goals, when when the group’s goals may be in direct contrast to the individual’s goal

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24
Q

groupthink

A

members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group while ignoring outside ideas

25
Q

network

A

observable pattern of social relationships among individuals or groups

(often illustrated as a map)

26
Q

network redundancy

A

overlapping connections with the dame individual within a network

27
Q

immediate networks

A

dense networks with strong ties

may be composed of friends

28
Q

distant networks

A

networks with looser and weaker ties

may include acquaintances

29
Q

organizations

A

bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals

ex. schools, companies, teams, sororities

30
Q

how are formal organizations different from groups?

A
  • organizations continue despite the departure of an individual member
  • organizations have expressed goals
  • organizations have enforcement procedures that seek to control the activities of their members
  • organizations are characterized by the hierarchical allotment of formal roles or duties to members
31
Q

characteristic institution

A

The basic organization of society, which, in prehistoric times was the kin, clan, or sib, and, in modern times, is the bureaucracy

32
Q

bureaucracy

A

a rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control

33
Q

iron law of oligarchy

A

law that states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

34
Q

McDonaldization

A

a shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies

35
Q

self-presentation

A

the process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors

people use specific strategies to shape what others will think of them

36
Q

basic model of emotional expression

A

there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures

rooted in Darwinism

37
Q

appraisal model

A

model of emotional expression

there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but there’s a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression

38
Q

social construction model

A

model that assumes that there is no biological bases for emotions

emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions

suggests that emotions are expressed differently and play different roles across cultures

39
Q

display rules

A

cultural expectations of emotions

governs which emotions can be expressed and to what degree as a function of culture, gender, or family background

40
Q

cultural syndrome

A

a shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture that are organized around a central theme or share the same language and geography

influence display rules and how emotions are experienced

ex. I am happy vs. I am sharing happiness with others

41
Q

impression management

A

attempts to influence how others perceive us through the regulation or controlling of information in social interactions

42
Q

what are the three selves?

A

authentic self

ideal self

tactical self

43
Q

authentic self

A

self which describes who the person actually is

includes both positive and negative attributes

44
Q

ideal self

A

self which describes who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

45
Q

tactical self

A

self which describes who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others’ expectations of us

46
Q

self-disclosure

A

impression marketing strategy

giving information about oneself to establish an identity

47
Q

managing appearances

A

impression management strategy

using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations with others to create a positive image

48
Q

ingratiation

A

impression management strategy

using flattery or conforming to expectations to win someone over

49
Q

aligning actions

A

impression management strategy

making questionable behavior acceptable through excuses

50
Q

alter-casting

A

impression management strategy

imposing an identity onto another person

51
Q

dramaturgical approach

A

impression management strategy

using the metaphor of a theatrical performance to describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations (like how an actor performs a role in front of an audience)

52
Q

front stage

A

self within the dramaturgical approach

the actor is in front of the audience and performs according to the setting, role, and script in order to conform to the image he wants others to see

53
Q

backstage self

A

self within the dramaturgical approach

the actor is not being observed by an audience and is free to act in ways that may not be congruent with his desired public image without having to worry about ruining his performance

54
Q

George Mead “I”

A

the creative expression of the individual

55
Q

George Mead “me”

A

the part of the self that is a response to the environment

56
Q

communication

A

the ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals, or behavior

foundation of social interaction

effective when the desired message is received by the recipient

57
Q

verbal communication

A

the transmission of information via the use of words, whether spoken, written, or signed

58
Q

nonverbal communication

A

how people communicate, whether intentionally or unintentionally, without words

ex. facial expressions, tone, gestures, body position, movement, touches, eye positioning

59
Q

animal communication

A

any behavior of one animal that affects the behavior of another

ex. body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, vocalizations

Bad Girl's MCAT Club (39 decks)

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