Behavioral Sciences 12: Social Stratification Flashcards

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1
Q

social class

A

a category of people who share a similar socioeconomic position in society

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2
Q

what aspects of status does socioeconomic status depend on?

A

ascribed and achieved status

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3
Q

prestige

A

the amount of positive regard society has for a given person or idea

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4
Q

power

A

the ability to affect others’ behavior through real or perceived rewards and punishments

is based on the unequal distribution of valued resources

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5
Q

marxist theory

A

theory that proposes that the proletariat (have nots) could over through the bourgeoisie (haves) and the entire capitalist economy by developing class consciousness

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6
Q

class consciousness

A

the organization of the working class around shared goals and recognition of a need for collective political action

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7
Q

false consciousness

A

a misconception of one’s actual position within society

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8
Q

anomie

A

a lack of social norms

the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society

accelerates social inequality

ex. excessive individualism, social inequality, isolation

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9
Q

strain theory

A

theory that focuses on how anomic conditions can lead to deviance

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10
Q

what are the two primary sources of social trust?

A

social norms of reciprocity

social networks

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11
Q

social capital

A

the investments people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards

one of the most powerful tools: social networks that can be established through strong or weak ties

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12
Q

what types of social inequality can be created by social networks?

A

situational - socioeconomic advantage

positional - based on how connected one is within a network

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13
Q

privilege

A

inequality in opportunity

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14
Q

cultural capital

A

benefits one receives from knowledge, abilities, and skills

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15
Q

social mobility

A

the result of an economic and occupational structure that allows one to acquire higher-level employment and opportunities given proper credentials and experience requirements

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16
Q

meritocracy

A

a society in which advancement up the social ladder is based on intellectual talent and achievement

17
Q

vertical mobility

A

movement from one social class to another

18
Q

horizontal mobility

A

a change in occupation or lifestyle that remains within the same social class

19
Q

poverty

A

low socioeconomic status and lack of possessions or financial resources

20
Q

social reproduction

A

the passing on or reproduction of social inequality (especially poverty) from one generation to the next

21
Q

structural poverty

A

theory based on concept of “holes” in the structure of society rather than poverty due to actions of the individual

22
Q

absolute poverty

A

people do not have enough resources to acquire basic life resources such as shelter, food, clothing and water

23
Q

relative poverty

A

one is poor in comparison to a larger population

24
Q

social exclusion

A

a sense of powerlessness when individuals feel alienated from society

25
Q

spatial inequality

A

social stratification across territories and their populations

can occur across residential, environmental, and global lines

26
Q

world system theory

A

theory that categorizes countries and emphasizes the inequalities of the division of labor at the global level

core nations focus on higher skills, higher-paying productions

peripheral nations have low-skilled production

semi-peripheral nations are peripheral nations working towards becoming core nations

27
Q

incidence

A

the number of new cases of an illness per population at risk in a given amount of time

new cases / population at risk / time

28
Q

prevalence

A

measure of the number of cases of an illness overall (new and chronic) per population in a given amount of time

total cases / total population / time

29
Q

morbidity

A

the burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

30
Q

mortality

A

deaths caused by a given disease

31
Q

second sickness

A

an exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustices

32
Q

Medicare

A

government program that covers patients over the age of 65, those with end-stage renal disease, and those with ALS

33
Q

Medicaid

A

government program that covers patients who are in significant financial need