Behavioral Science 9.1-2 Flashcards
Status
A position in society used to classify individuals
Ascribed status
A status that is that is involuntarily assigned
Achieved status
Voluntarily earned by an individual
Master status
The status by which someone is primarily identified by
Role
Set of beliefs, values, and norms to define the expectations of a status
Role partner
Another individual who helps define the specific role in a relationship
Role set
All the different rules associated with a particular status
Roll conflict
When someone has difficulty satisfying the requirements of multiple roles
Role strain
Difficulty satisfying the requirements of a single status
Groups
Made up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity
Peer group
A self selected group formed of individuals with similar age, status, and interests
Family group
A group in which an individual is born into
In group
A group in which an individual identifies with
Out group
A group in which an individual competes or opposes
Reference group
A group to which an individual compares themselves to
Primary groups
Groups which hold strong emotional bonds
Secondary groups
Temporary groups that hold weak emotional bonds and fewer bonds overall
Gemeinschaft (Community)
A group unified by feelings of togetherness because of shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography.
Gesellschaft (Society)
A group unified by a mutual self interest in achieving a goal
Groupthink
When members begin to conform to one another’s use and ignore outside perspectives.
Network
And observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
Organization
A group with specific goals that remains even if a member leaves or is removed
The basic self presentation model
There are universal emotions and corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures
The social construct model of self presentation
Emotions are based only on the situational context of social interactions
Display rules
Unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
Cultural syndrome
A shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors found among people sharing the same language or geography
Impression management
The maintenance of a public image which is accomplished through various different strategies
Self disclosure - sharing of factual information
Managing appearances – refers to using props, appearance, emotion, or associations to create a positive image
Ingratiation – using flattery or conformity to win someone else over
Aligning actions – the use of excuses to account for questional behavior
Alter-casting – imposing an identity onto another person
Dramaturgical approach
Individuals create images of them selves similar to how an actor performs in a play
Front stage self–were an individual is seen by others and preserves the desired image
Back stage self – where an individual is not in front of the audience and is free to act as their desired image
Verbal communication
Conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words.
Nonverbal communication
Convince of information that means other than words, like body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures.
Animal communication
Communication between nonhuman animals and between humans and animals. Uses body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations
