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My MCAT Review - Behavioral Science > Behavioral Science 5.1-3 > Flashcards

Behavioral Science 5.1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

External forces that are rewards or punishments

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2
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Internal motivation in the form of rewards or punishments

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3
Q

Instinct theory

A

People are driven to certain behaviors based on evolutionary programmed instinct

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4
Q

Arousal

A

The psychological and physiological state of being weak and reactive to stimuli

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5
Q

Arousal theory

A

People are motivated to perform actions that maintain an optimal level of arousal

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6
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

Suggests performance is the lowest at extremely high or low levels of arousal

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7
Q

Drives

A

Internal state of tension that activate particular behaviors

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8
Q

Primary drives

A

Motivates humans to sustain bodily processes can you keep them in homeostasis. This homeostasis is controlled typically by negative feedback loop

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9
Q

Secondary drives

A

Drives derived from learning and not biologically related

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10
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

Motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable states

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11
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Certain needs have a greater influence and must be met before seeking higher needs (greatest to least important)

  • physiological
  • safety
  • Love/belonging
  • esteem
  • Self-actualization
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12
Q

Self-determination theory

A

Emphasizes the role of three needs: autonomy, competence, relatedness. These needs must be met to develop healthy relationships with oneself and others

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13
Q

Incentive theory

A

Motivation is by the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishment

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14
Q

Expectancy-value theory

A

Motivation needed to reach your goal is a result of the individuals expectation of success in reaching that goal and how much they value succeeding in reaching that goal

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15
Q

Opponent-Process Theory

A

The body will attempt to counteract effects of drugs by changing its physiology

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16
Q

Emotion

A

Natural instinctive state of mind derived from ones circumstances, mood, or relationships

17
Q

The three elements of emotion

A
  • physiological response
  • behavioral response
  • cognitive response
18
Q

The seven universal emotions

A

Happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, discussed, and anger

19
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

A stimulus results first in a physiological response which then causes secondary response labeled as a motion.

20
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

Physiological arousal and feeling of an emotion occur at the same time.

21
Q

Schachter-Singer theory of cognitive arousal

A

Emotion is elicited when the brain is aroused and in a particular environment/situation. Brain aroused and cognitively appraised

22
Q

Components of the limbic system

A

Amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, fornix, septal nuclei, and parts of the cerebral cortex

23
Q

Amygdala

A

Signals the cortex about stimuli related to attention and emotion

24
Q

Thalamus

A

A sensory processing station that routes information to the cortex and other appropriate areas of the brain

25
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Synthesizes and releases a variety of Neurotransmitters

26
Q

Hippocampus

A

Create long-term memories

27
Q

Emotional memory

A

The unconscious memory that stores the actual feelings of emotion associated with an event. (Explicit is the story of the event and implicit is the sensations involved in the event)

28
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Associate with planning intricate cognitive functions, expressing personality, and making decisions

29
Q

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

Mainly involved in decision-making and controlling emotional response

30
Q

Cognitive appraisal

A

The evaluation of a situation that induces stress

31
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Initial evaluation of the environment and associated threats

32
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Evaluate whether the organism can cope with the stresses involved in the situation

33
Q

Stressor

A

A biological element, external condition, or event that leads to a stress response

34
Q

Distress

A

Bad stress

35
Q

Eustress

A

A result of positive conditions

36
Q

Approach – approach conflict

A

The need to choose between two desirable options

37
Q

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

The need to choose between two negative options

38
Q

Approach – avoidance conflict

A

They need to make a decision with the possibility of both positive or negative elements

39
Q

The general adaptation syndrome

A

The body‘s response to stress in three stages

  • alarm: the activation of the sympathetic nervous system
  • resistance: the continuous release of hormones that allow the sympathetic nervous system to remain engaged to fight the stressor
  • exhaustion: the body can no longer remain at an elevated response

My MCAT Review - Behavioral Science (26 decks)

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