Behavioral science 7.1–3 Flashcards
Biomedical approach to psychological disorders
only accounts for physical and medical causes of psychological disorders
Biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders
Considers the biological, psychological, and social components to a persons disorder
DSM-5
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Schizophrenia
Psychological disorder with positive and negative symptoms, including psychosis
Positive schizophrenic symptoms
An added behavior, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior
Negative schizophrenic symptoms
The loss of typical behavior, cognition, or affect including disturbance in affect and newfound lack of motivation.
Major Depressive disorder
For a period of at least two weeks exhibiting at least five of the following symptoms. Persistent depressed mood, loss of interest, appetite disturbances, substantial weight changes, sleep disturbance, decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating her thinking, feeling slow down, thoughts of death or attempts of suicide.
MUST HAVE: depressed mood or anhedonia(inability to feel pleasure)
Persistent depressive disorder
Lasting for at least two years, and does not necessarily meet the criteria for major depressive disorder. A more mild form of depression for a longer period of time
Seasonal affective disorder
Major depressive disorder triggered by winter months
Bipolar I disorder
Described as having at least one manic episode
Bipolar II disorder
Having at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode
Cyclothymic disorder
Contains hypomanic episodes with long term low level depression
Generalized anxiety disorder
Disproportionate and persistent worry about many things lasting at least six months
Specific phobias
Irrational fear of specific objects
Social anxiety disorder
Anxiety due to social or performance situation
Agoraphobia
Fear of situations with difficult escape
Panic disorder
Recurrent panic attacks with overwhelming fear despite the lack of a clear stimulus
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Has obsessions, persistent intrusive thoughts, and compulsions, repetitive tasks that relieve tension caused by the obsession.
Body dysmorphic disorder
Unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s appearance or specific body part.
PTSD
Includes intrusion symptoms, reliving the experience,
avoiding systems, avoiding places related to the trauma,
negative symptoms, amnesia or negative mood,
arousal symptoms, increased startle response irritability and anxiety
Dissociative amnesia
Inability to recall past experience without any type of underlying disorder
Dissociative fugue
Sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of the new identity
Dissociative identity disorder
Having two or more personalities that take control of behavior.
Depersonalization/D realization disorder
Detachment from body and environment
Maddox symptom disorder
One somatic symptom that is not necessarily linked to any underlying medical condition that causes concern
Illness anxiety disorder
Preoccupation with thoughts about having a serious medical condition
Conversion disorder
Unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function with no injury or trauma
Personality disorders
Cluster A, considered odd or eccentric
Cluster B, considered dramatic emotional and erratic
Cluster c, considered fearful and anxious
Cluster A personality disorders
Paranoid, involves a pervasive distrust and suspicion in others
Schizotypal, and involves ideas of reference, magical thinking, and eccentricity
Schizoid, involves detachment from social relationships and limited emotion
Cluster B personality disorders
Antisocial, involves disregard for the rights of others
Borderline, involves instability in relationships mood and self image (splitting either good or evil no in between)
Histrionic, constant attention seeking
Narcissistic, grandiose sense of self importance
Cluster C personality disorders
Avoidant, extreme shyness and fear of rejection
Dependent, involves a continuous need for reassurance
Obsessive-compulsive, characterized by perfectionism and flexibility in need for rules
Biology of schizophrenia
Genetic factors, birth trauma, marijuana use, and family history
High levels of dopaminergic receptors
Biology of depression
High levels of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
Bipolar disorder biology
High levels of norepinephrine and serotonin, also very heritable
Alzheimer’s disease biology
Associated with genetic factors
KEY FACTORS
-Senile plaquesOf beta amyloid proteins
-Neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins
Parkinson’s disease biology
Characterized by resting tremor, pill rolling tremor, shuffling gait, and bradykinesia
Decreased dopamine production in the substantia nigra
