Behavioral Science 10.1-3 Flashcards
Interpersonal attraction
5 components that make people like each other
Physical attractiveness - increase with symmetry and proportions close to the golden ratio
Similarity – when attitudes, intelligence, education, appearance, and status match
Self disclosure – sharing feelings thoughts and goals and being met with empathy not judgment
Reciprocity – we like people to think like us
Proximity – physically being close to someone
Aggression
The physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance
Attachment
Emotional bond between two people usually referring to a child and caregiver
Secure attachment
A consistent caregiver allowing the child to go out and explore knowing that When they return the caregiver will still be there. Does not like to leave caregiver and shows joy when reunited.
Avoidant attachment
Caregiver she has little to no response to a distressed child. The child who showed no preference for the caregiver over strangers.
Ambivalent attachment
Caregiver has an in consistent response to the child distress. The child becomes distressed when the caregiver leaves, and it’s in different and the caregiver returns.
Disorganized attachment
The caregiver is erratic or abusive with no clear pattern of administering care. Nuclear pattern in the child’s behavior in response to the caregiver
Social support
The perception and reality that one is cared for by social network
Emotional support
Listening to and affirming someone’s feelings
Esteem support
Affirms the qualities and skills of the person
Material support
Providing physical or monetary resources to help person
Informational support
Providing useful information to help a person through a difficult situation.
Network support
Providing a sense of belonging to a person. Showing them that they’re part of community.
Foraging
Searching for and exploiting food resources
Monogamy
Consist of exclusive meeting relationships between one individual of each sex
Polygamy
A single member of one sex meets with multiple members of the opposite sex. Polygyny (single male) polyandry(single female).
Promiscuity
Mating between sexes without exclusivity
Intersexual selection
The selection of a mate based on attraction and traits
Altruism
A helping behavior in which a person‘s intent is to benefit someone else at their own cost
Game theory
Explains decision-making between individuals as if it were a game
Inclusive fitness
An organism’s success in the population based on their number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of offspring to support others
Social perception
Including the target, perceive her, and situation. Is the way in which we generate impressions about person.
Implicit personality theory
People make assumptions about how others, their traits, and their behaviors are related.
Primacy affect
First impression is more important than subsequent impressions
Recency effect
The most recent information that we have is the most important informing our impressions
Reliance on Central traits
The judgment of somebody that focuses on personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver
Halo effect
When someone is viewed in a positive light, then positivity is reflected in further judgment.
Just world hypothesis
Good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people. Karma
Self-serving bias
People will view their own successes as being due to internal factors of you and failures as a cause of external factors
Attribution theory
Individuals in for the others behaviors are caused by internal (DISPOSITIONAL) and external (SITUATIONAL) factors
Correspondent inference theory
Correlate unexpected actions with a persons personality rather than some outside reasons.
Fundamental attribution error
Attributing others’ actions typically more towards dispositional factors in one own behaviors based on situational factors
Attribution substitution
Making an easy choice or heuristic for a very complex problem.
Stereotypes
Attitudes and impressions are made based on the limited and superficial information about a person or group
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Because of external pressures or stereotypes, someone performs in the manner of those stereotypes.
Prejudice
Irrational positive or negative attitude towards a specific person or group prior to actually experiencing them
Ethnocentrism
The practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values held in one’s own culture
In group
The social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging
Out group
The social group with which an individual does not identify
Cultural relativism
The recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms
Discrimination
When prejudice causes individuals of a particular group to be treated differently than others
Individual discrimination
Discrimination made by a single person. Very easy to combat because it is a single person
Institutional discrimination
Discrimination by entire entire institution. Much more difficult to combat because they must deal with the entire organization
