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My MCAT Review - Behavioral Science > Behavioral science 6.1–3 > Flashcards

Behavioral science 6.1–3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Self – schema

A

Self given label that carries a set of qualities

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2
Q

Identity

A

Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups that we belong to

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3
Q

Gender identity

A

A persons appraisal of their masculinity and femininity

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4
Q

Androgyny

A

Simultaneously being very masculine and feminine

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5
Q

Gender schema

A

Gender identity that are transmitted through cultural and societal means

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6
Q

Ethnic identity

A

The ethnic group in which they belong defined by ancestry, cultural heritage, and language

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7
Q

Nationality

A

Based solely on political borders and Citizenship

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8
Q

Hierarchy of salience

A

The way in which identities are organized search that we exhibit different identities in different situations

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9
Q

Self discrepancy theory

A

Explains that we each have three selves, actual self, ideal self, and ought self. The closer these identities are the higher the self-esteem

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10
Q

Self – efficacy

A

Belief in our ability to succeed

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11
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Where is subject makes no further effort to escape pain/punishment despite an obvious scape because they have learned there is no escape

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12
Q

Locus of control

A

Internal: View themselves as controlling their own lives
External:Do you outside events, reasons, or luck to control their life

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13
Q

Freud psychosexual development

A

The idea that children develop in sexual stages and may become fixated in one stage causing further issues in later life(called neurosis)

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14
Q

Oral stage

A

Age 0 to1 - gratification obtained by putting things in the mouth when fixated at the stage excessive dependence is exhibited as an adult

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15
Q

Anal stage

A

Age 1-3: Gratification through toilet training fix station of the stage results in excessive orderliness or sloppiness

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16
Q

Phallic stage

A

Age 3 to 5: Oedipal conflict must deal with guilty feeling in wanting to kill father and conflict resolved.

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17
Q

Genital stage

A

Age puberty to adulthood: The person should enter into a healthy heterosexual relationship

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18
Q

Latency

A

Age5 to puberty: libido is largely sublimated during the stage

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19
Q

Freud’s libido

A

The sexual drive that is present and develops from birth to adulthood

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20
Q

Ericksons psychosocial development

A

Series of conflicts that must be resolved to a dance through the element

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21
Q

Trust versus miss trust

A

Ages 0 to 1: Ericksons developmental conflict which states that a child will come to trust his environment and himself in completing the stage

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22
Q

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

A

Age1 to3: Ericksons developmental conflict where the child must be able to feel control over the world and exercise choice and self restraint

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23
Q

Initiative versus guilt

A

Age 3 to 6:Child will either develop a sense of purpose and initiate activities or unduly restrict themselves and may overcompensate by showing off

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24
Q

Industry versus inferiority

A

Age6 to 12: Ericksons developmental conflict that determines if a child feels competent to exercise their abilities and intelligence in the world

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25
Q

Identity versus role confusion

A

Age 12 to 20: Ericksons developmental conflict where someone struggles to see themselves as unique. The unfavorable outcome is it the personality shifts from day to day

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26
Q

Intimacy versus isolation

A

Ages 20 to 40: Ericksons developmental conflict in which someone either needs a intimate relationship will become isolated

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27
Q

Generatively versus stagnation

A

Age 40 to 60: Ericksons developmental conflict of being productive caring and contributing member of society

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28
Q

Integrity versus despair

A

65+: Ericksons developmental conflict where someone will develop wisdom or have a feelingof bitterness towards their life

29
Q

Kohlberg’s moral reasoning

A

I development in three phases and six stages

1: Preconventional morality – involves the thought process of obedience concerned with avoiding punishment and self interest about getting rewards
2: conventional morality –involves the thought process of conformity, seeking approval from others, and law and order, maintaining social order in the highest regard.
3: Postconventional morality- Involves the thought process of social contract, viewing moral rules as benefiting the greater good, And universal human ethics, considering abstract principles and reasoning and decision making.

30
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Skills and abilities not yet developed are better learn in the presence of somebody that knows the skills - Vygotsky

31
Q

Theory of mind

A

Your ability to sense how others think

32
Q

Looking glass self

A

Becoming aware of the judgments from the outside world and reacting to these judgments

33
Q

Reference group

A

Comparing oneself to their peers which may not give a accurate total representation of them

34
Q

Personality

A

The sets of thoughts feelings and traits that in individual exhibits across different situations

35
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective

A

The assumption of the unconscious

36
Q

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective

A

Comprised of the Id- consisting of all the basic primal instincts and urges
Ego- operates relative to reality and guides the urges of the Id
Super ego-The conscious that delineates proper and improper actions.

37
Q

Pleasure principle

A

The goal of the ID is to achieve immediate gratification

38
Q

Primary process

A

The goal to immediately obtain satisfaction

39
Q

Secondary process

A

Guidance provided by the egoto filter out and do its best to fulfill the urges of the ID

40
Q

The three types of conscious

A

Conscious -thought aware of
pre-conscious- thoughts not currently aware of
Unconscious- thoughts unaware of.

41
Q

Freuds tow life instincts

A

Eros- instinct to life like eating and drinking

Thanatos- The unconscious wish for death and destruction

42
Q

Repression

A

Forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious

43
Q

Suppression

A

The unconscious forgetting of unwanted thoughts

44
Q

Regression

A

The reversion to an earlier developmental state due to stressors

45
Q

Reaction formation

A

Suppress urges by unconsciously making them their opposite

46
Q

Projection

A

Individuals attributes their desired feelings to others

47
Q

Rationalization

A

Justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

48
Q

Displacement

A

Is the transference of an undesired urge from one person to another

49
Q

Sublimation

A

The transformation Of Unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

50
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Experiences and imagery that is passed down from early ancestors that evoke certain feeling

51
Q

Anima and animus

A

Feminine and masculine qualities

52
Q

Jung’s described dichotomies of the personality

A

Extroversion or introversion
Sensing or intuiting
Thinking or feeling\

53
Q

Fictional final ism

A

Motivated by the expectations of a future rather than a past

54
Q

The humanistic perspective

A

Value of individuals in a more person centered approach. Get the idea of a complete person

55
Q

the force field Theory

A

The current state of mind is the sum of the forces on the individual at that time

56
Q

Peak experiences

A

Profound and deeply moving experiences that have important and lasting affects on individuals. Typically more common in self actualized people

57
Q

Personal construct Cycology

A

A person who devises and tests predictions about the behavior of significant people in his or her life

58
Q

Personality type theory

A

All people can be classed into certain taxonomic personalities

59
Q

Trait Personality theory

A

Cluster behaviors to describe individuals

60
Q

The PEN model

A

Pyschoticism level of non conforming you with society
Extroversion the tolerance for social interaction
Neuroticism emotional arousal in stressful situations

61
Q

The five factor trait model

A

Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

62
Q

Cardinal traits

A

The central traits around which someone organizes their life

63
Q

Central traits

A

The major characteristics of the personality

64
Q

Secondary traits

A

Traits which are only exhibited in certain situations

65
Q

Behaviorist theory of personality

A

Personality is determined by conditioned traits and reactions

66
Q

Social cognitive personality theory

A

Focuses on how our behavior interacts with the environment

67
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Thoughts feelings and behaviors and environment all interact to determine our actions \in a certain situation

68
Q

Biological personality theory

A

Personality is determined by biological factors such as genetics or protein formation

My MCAT Review - Behavioral Science (26 decks)

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