Behavioral science 6.1–3 Flashcards
Self – schema
Self given label that carries a set of qualities
Identity
Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups that we belong to
Gender identity
A persons appraisal of their masculinity and femininity
Androgyny
Simultaneously being very masculine and feminine
Gender schema
Gender identity that are transmitted through cultural and societal means
Ethnic identity
The ethnic group in which they belong defined by ancestry, cultural heritage, and language
Nationality
Based solely on political borders and Citizenship
Hierarchy of salience
The way in which identities are organized search that we exhibit different identities in different situations
Self discrepancy theory
Explains that we each have three selves, actual self, ideal self, and ought self. The closer these identities are the higher the self-esteem
Self – efficacy
Belief in our ability to succeed
Learned helplessness
Where is subject makes no further effort to escape pain/punishment despite an obvious scape because they have learned there is no escape
Locus of control
Internal: View themselves as controlling their own lives
External:Do you outside events, reasons, or luck to control their life
Freud psychosexual development
The idea that children develop in sexual stages and may become fixated in one stage causing further issues in later life(called neurosis)
Oral stage
Age 0 to1 - gratification obtained by putting things in the mouth when fixated at the stage excessive dependence is exhibited as an adult
Anal stage
Age 1-3: Gratification through toilet training fix station of the stage results in excessive orderliness or sloppiness
Phallic stage
Age 3 to 5: Oedipal conflict must deal with guilty feeling in wanting to kill father and conflict resolved.
Genital stage
Age puberty to adulthood: The person should enter into a healthy heterosexual relationship
Latency
Age5 to puberty: libido is largely sublimated during the stage
Freud’s libido
The sexual drive that is present and develops from birth to adulthood
Ericksons psychosocial development
Series of conflicts that must be resolved to a dance through the element
Trust versus miss trust
Ages 0 to 1: Ericksons developmental conflict which states that a child will come to trust his environment and himself in completing the stage
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Age1 to3: Ericksons developmental conflict where the child must be able to feel control over the world and exercise choice and self restraint
Initiative versus guilt
Age 3 to 6:Child will either develop a sense of purpose and initiate activities or unduly restrict themselves and may overcompensate by showing off
Industry versus inferiority
Age6 to 12: Ericksons developmental conflict that determines if a child feels competent to exercise their abilities and intelligence in the world
Identity versus role confusion
Age 12 to 20: Ericksons developmental conflict where someone struggles to see themselves as unique. The unfavorable outcome is it the personality shifts from day to day
Intimacy versus isolation
Ages 20 to 40: Ericksons developmental conflict in which someone either needs a intimate relationship will become isolated
Generatively versus stagnation
Age 40 to 60: Ericksons developmental conflict of being productive caring and contributing member of society
Integrity versus despair
65+: Ericksons developmental conflict where someone will develop wisdom or have a feelingof bitterness towards their life
Kohlberg’s moral reasoning
I development in three phases and six stages
1: Preconventional morality – involves the thought process of obedience concerned with avoiding punishment and self interest about getting rewards
2: conventional morality –involves the thought process of conformity, seeking approval from others, and law and order, maintaining social order in the highest regard.
3: Postconventional morality- Involves the thought process of social contract, viewing moral rules as benefiting the greater good, And universal human ethics, considering abstract principles and reasoning and decision making.
Zone of proximal development
Skills and abilities not yet developed are better learn in the presence of somebody that knows the skills - Vygotsky
Theory of mind
Your ability to sense how others think
Looking glass self
Becoming aware of the judgments from the outside world and reacting to these judgments
Reference group
Comparing oneself to their peers which may not give a accurate total representation of them
Personality
The sets of thoughts feelings and traits that in individual exhibits across different situations
Psychoanalytic perspective
The assumption of the unconscious
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective
Comprised of the Id- consisting of all the basic primal instincts and urges
Ego- operates relative to reality and guides the urges of the Id
Super ego-The conscious that delineates proper and improper actions.
Pleasure principle
The goal of the ID is to achieve immediate gratification
Primary process
The goal to immediately obtain satisfaction
Secondary process
Guidance provided by the egoto filter out and do its best to fulfill the urges of the ID
The three types of conscious
Conscious -thought aware of
pre-conscious- thoughts not currently aware of
Unconscious- thoughts unaware of.
Freuds tow life instincts
Eros- instinct to life like eating and drinking
Thanatos- The unconscious wish for death and destruction
Repression
Forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious
Suppression
The unconscious forgetting of unwanted thoughts
Regression
The reversion to an earlier developmental state due to stressors
Reaction formation
Suppress urges by unconsciously making them their opposite
Projection
Individuals attributes their desired feelings to others
Rationalization
Justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society
Displacement
Is the transference of an undesired urge from one person to another
Sublimation
The transformation Of Unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors
Collective unconscious
Experiences and imagery that is passed down from early ancestors that evoke certain feeling
Anima and animus
Feminine and masculine qualities
Jung’s described dichotomies of the personality
Extroversion or introversion
Sensing or intuiting
Thinking or feeling\
Fictional final ism
Motivated by the expectations of a future rather than a past
The humanistic perspective
Value of individuals in a more person centered approach. Get the idea of a complete person
the force field Theory
The current state of mind is the sum of the forces on the individual at that time
Peak experiences
Profound and deeply moving experiences that have important and lasting affects on individuals. Typically more common in self actualized people
Personal construct Cycology
A person who devises and tests predictions about the behavior of significant people in his or her life
Personality type theory
All people can be classed into certain taxonomic personalities
Trait Personality theory
Cluster behaviors to describe individuals
The PEN model
Pyschoticism level of non conforming you with society
Extroversion the tolerance for social interaction
Neuroticism emotional arousal in stressful situations
The five factor trait model
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
Cardinal traits
The central traits around which someone organizes their life
Central traits
The major characteristics of the personality
Secondary traits
Traits which are only exhibited in certain situations
Behaviorist theory of personality
Personality is determined by conditioned traits and reactions
Social cognitive personality theory
Focuses on how our behavior interacts with the environment
Reciprocal determinism
Thoughts feelings and behaviors and environment all interact to determine our actions \in a certain situation
Biological personality theory
Personality is determined by biological factors such as genetics or protein formation
