Behavioral science 3.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Learning stimulus

A

Anything to which an organism can respond including sensory inputs

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2
Q

Habituation

A

Decreased response due to repeated exposure to a stimulus

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3
Q

Dishabituation

A

Recovery of the response that has been suppressed due to habituation

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4
Q

Associative learning

A

The pairing or association between stimuli and behavior

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5
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Uses instinctual responses to create an association between two unrelated stimuli (pavlovs dog)

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6
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

A stimulus that brings about a reflexive response

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7
Q

Unconditioned response

A

An innate or a reflexive response

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8
Q

Neutral stimuli

A

Do not produce a reflexive response. Can be referred to as signaling stimuli and can be used in classical conditioning for a new association

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9
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

A neutral stimulus trained to elicit a certain reaction

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10
Q

Conditioned response

A

Reflexive response that has been trained to be elicited by the condition stimulus

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11
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

When a previously lost conditioned response is presented weakly

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12
Q

Generalization

A

A stimulus is similar enough it can elicit the same response

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13
Q

Discrimination

A

Ability to distinguish between two different stimuli and present two different responses

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14
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Conditioning to increase the frequency of voluntary behaviors

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15
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

A good stimulus to continue a certain behavior

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16
Q

Positive punishment

A

a bad stimulus is added to reduce a certain behavior

17
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

A bad stimulus is removed to promote good response

18
Q

Negative punishment

A

A good stimulus is removed to prevent further wrong behavior

19
Q

Escape learning

A

Learning a behavior to reduce the unpleasantness of something that already exists

20
Q

Avoidance learning

A

Behavior to prevent the unpleasantness of something that has not yet happened

21
Q

Primary and secondary reinforcers

A

Primary is the initial item that provides a positive stimulus secondary is associated with the primary to additionally reinforce(typically a conditioned reinforcer)

22
Q

Discriminative stimulus

A

Indicates that a reward is potentially available in this particular environment\stimuli

23
Q

Fixed ratio schedule

A

Reward is given after a certain number of correct behaviors

24
Q

Variable ratio schedule

A

Reward is given after varying number of successful behaviors

25
Q

Fixed interval schedule

A

A reward is given then a set waiting period ensues until next possible reward.

26
Q

Variable interval schedule

A

Correct behavior is rewarded and then a variable waitingperiod ensues before another reward may be given for the correct behavior

27
Q

Shaping

A

Rewarding increasingly specific behaviors

28
Q

Latent learning

A

Learning that recurs without a reward but then spontaneously demonstrated once a reward is introduced

29
Q

Learning preparedness

A

When a natural instinct is paired with learning so that the task being taught matches a natural instinct

30
Q

Instinctive drift

A

When a natural instinct gets in the way of learning a new task

31
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning which behaviors are favored or not actableFrom watching others

32
Q

Mirror neurons

A

Neurons that fire when an action is observed or performed. This develops observational memory