Beer, Mead, and Cider Flashcards
How are meaderies licensed in the USA and UK?
As wineries. Subject to all the same rules and regulations as grape wine.
How are meaderies licensed in the Netherlands?
As beer breweries
Why is water necessary in the production of mead?
Honey’s moisture content is too low and its sugar content is too high to allow for fermentation. Antimicrobial properties of honey do not permit the growth and reproduction of bacteria and yeast. Meads made with whole fruit or fruit juice sometimes to not use additional water.
How are most meads inoculated?
With wine or beer yeast
What are the most common fruits used in mead production?
Cherries, berries, apples, currants (may be crushed or pressed)
What is hydromel?
Session mead made with high percentage of water and can be as low as 3% abc
What initial step is necessary in beer fermentation that is not necessary in wine fermentation?
Conversion of starches into fermentable sugars
What are the four typical ingredients of beer?
Water, yeast, hops, starch
What do hops provide in beer?
Flavor, bitterness, and preservative/antiseptic qualities that limit bacteria growth
What enzyme is produced in the process of germinating barley?
Amylase
What fermentable sugars are produced by the action of Amylase?
Maltose and Dextrin
What is a “green malt”?
Germinated grain that contains fermentable sugars but has not yet been roasted or fermented
What determines the color of beer? (ie Porters versus Pale Ale)
The roast level of the malt
What is a malt?
A grain that has been germinated by soaking in water and then roasted with hot air in a kiln to halt germination
What is grist?
Malted grain that has been cracked or ground in a mill
What is a wort?
Grist that has been combined with hot water in a mash tun and mashed for one to two hours to convert and extract sugar
What happens to the wort following the mashing and prior to fermentation?
The wort liquid is drawn off the mash grain and filtered in a brew kettle
What is sparging? What are potential positive and negative benefits?
Rinsing the wort grain after the wort liquid has been drawn off with fresh water to gain additional sugar and flavor. May result in an unwanted bitterness.
What does boiling the wort do?
Boiling the wort stabilizes and sterilizes the brew, darkens the color, causes excess water to evaporate
When are hops added to a brew?
Prior to boiling the wort. May be added again afterwards prior to chilling to gain additional aromas which may have boiled out. They are then strained out prior to chilling
What type of yeast is used in ales?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (top-fermenting yeast)
What type of yeast is used in lagers?
Saccharomyces pastorianus (bottom-fermenting yeast)
Which type of yeast ferments more slowly and at cooler temperatures?
Saccharomyces pastorianus
What type of beer is a unique specialty of Belgium?
Lambic
What is unique about Lambic beers?
They are fermented with wild native yeasts such as Brettanomyces bruxellensis or Brettanomyces lambicus in open top containers. They use aged hops so as to not impart much hop flavor. Generally blended before release
What is a Geuze style?
Lambic that is a blend of one year old aged beer with two to three year old aged beer. Refermentation takes places in the bottle.
What are fruit lambics?
Lambics that have been refermented with fruits such as morello cherries (kriek) or raspberries (framboise)
Name two quality producers of Lambics
Lindemans
Cantillon
Name the 11 Trappist breweries
Orval
Westmalle
Chimay
Westvleteren
Rochefort
Konigshoeven
Abdij Maria Toevlucht
Tre Fontane
Mount Saint Bernard
Mont des Cats
San Pedro de Cardeña
