Basic Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

A ____ is the smallest piece of a compound that maintains the properties of the compound.

A

molecule

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1
Q

An ____ is the smallest piece of an element.

A

atom

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2
Q

An atom is composed of subatomic particles, including

A

protons, neutrons and electrons.

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3
Q

A proton has a ____ electrical charge.

A

positive

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4
Q

A neutron has a ____ charge.

A

neutral

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5
Q

An electron has a ____ electrical charge.

A

negative

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6
Q

The ____ of an atom - it’s centre - contains one or more protons plus a number of neutrons.

A

nucleus

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7
Q

Electrons are found in the space ____ the nucleus.

A

around

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8
Q

The difference between one element and another is in the number of ____ in the nucleus.

A

protons

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9
Q

The number of protons is the ____ ____ of the element. In the periodic table it is recorded at the top of the square for each element.

A

atomic number

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10
Q

The number at the bottom is the elements ____ ____, which indicates the weight of an atom relative to the weight of one proton.

A

atomic weight

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11
Q

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons is called an ___.

A

ion

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12
Q

The attraction of positive ions for negative ions forms an ____ ____.

A

ionic bond

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13
Q

In some cases, instead of transferring an electron from one atom to another some pairs of atoms share electrons with each other, forming a ____ bond.

A

covalent

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14
Q

Living organisms depend on the enormously versatile compounds of carbon. Because of the importance of these compounds for life, the chemistry of carbon is known as ____ ____.

A

organic chemistry

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15
Q

____ are proteins that control the rate of chemical reactions.

A

Enzymes

16
Q

Enzymes are a type of ____. A ____ is any chemical that facilitates a reaction among other chemicals without being altered itself in the process.

A

catalyst

17
Q

The body relies on ATP (____ ____) as its main way of sending energy where it is needed.

A

adenosine triphosphate

18
Q

Much of the energy derived from ____ goes into forming ATP molecules that eventually provide energy for the muscles and other body parts.

A

food