13.2 Storing Information In The Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
0
Q

Research on the physiology of learning began with Ivan Pavlov’s concept of ____ ____.

A

classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

When a pattern of activity passes through the brain, it leaves a path of physical changes, but not every change is a ____.

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ ____ suggested that an axon that has successfully stimulated cell B in the past becomes even more successful in the future.

A

Donald Hebb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A synapse that increases in effectiveness because of simultaneous activity in the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is called a ____ ____.

A

Hebbian synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems are organised differently, but the chemistry of the ____, the principles of the ____ ____, and the ____ and the receptors are the same.

A

neuron : action potential : neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If we identify the physical basis of learning and memory in an invertebrate, we have at least a hypothesis of what might work in ____.

A

vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____, a marine invertebrate related to the common slug, has been a popular animal for studies of the physiology of learning. Compared to vertebrates, it has fewer neurons, many of which are large and easy to study.

A

Aplysia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ is a decrease in response to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly and accompanied by no change in other stimuli.

A

Habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ is an increase in response to a mild stimuli as a result of exposure to more intense stimuli.

A

Sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The phenomenal, ____ ____ (LTP), is this: one or more axons connected to a dendrite bombard it with a rapid series of stimuli. The burst of intense stimulation leaves some of the synapses potentiated (more responsive to new input of the same type) for minutes, days or weeks.

A

long-term potentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____ – if some of the synapses onto the cell have been highly active and others have not, only the active ones become strengthened.

A

Specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____ – nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more exons produces LTP much more strongly than does repeated stimulation by just one axon.

A

Cooperativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ – pairing a weak input with a strong input enhances later response to the weak input.

A

Associativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The opposite change, ____ ____ (LTD), is a prolonged decrease in response at a synapse, occurs for axons that have been less active than others.

A

long-term depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ____ ____ is excited by the neurotransmitter glutamate, but it can also respond to a drug called AMPA.

A

AMPA receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ____ ____ is also ordinarily excited only by glutamate, but it can response to a drug called NMDA.

A

NMDA receptor

16
Q

Extensive stimulation of a postsynaptic cell causes it to release a ____ ____ that travels back to the presynaptic cell to modify.

A

retrograde transmitter