11.2 Variations In Sexual Behaviour Flashcards

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0
Q

The biological differences between males and females are ___ ____, where as the differences that result from people thinking about themselves as male or female are ____ ____.

A

sex differences : gender differences

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1
Q

____ ____ is how we identify sexually and what we call ourselves.

A

Gender identity

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2
Q

Gender identity is a ____ characteristic.

A

human

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3
Q

In most cases people accept the gender identity that matches their ____ ____, which matches the way they were reared.

A

external appearance

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4
Q

Some people are dissatisfied with their ____ ____, and many would describe themselves as being masculine in some ways and feminine and others.

A

assigned gender

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5
Q

Some people have anatomies intermediate between male and female. Individuals who appear to be a mixture of male and female are referred to as ____.

A

hermaphrodites

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6
Q

Some people are born with an XX chromosome pattern but an ___ ____ that translocated from the fathers Y chromosome on to another chromosome.

A

SRY gene

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7
Q

Despite the XX chromosomes, they have either an ovary and a testis, or two testes, or a ____ of testis and ovary tissue on each side.

A

mixture

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8
Q

Other people develop an intermediate appearance because of an ____ hormone pattern.

A

atypical

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9
Q

The most common cause of this condition is ____ ____ ____ (CAH), meaning overdevelopment of the adrenal glands from birth.

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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10
Q

Ordinarily, the adrenal gland has a negative feedback relationship with the pituitary gland. The pituitary secretes ____ ____ (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal gland.

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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11
Q

____, one of the hormones from the adrenal gland, feeds back to decrease the release of ACTH.

A

Cortisol

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12
Q

In a genetic male, the extra testosterone causes no apparent difficulty. However, genetic females with this condition develop various degrees of ____ of the external genitals.

A

masculinisation

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13
Q

People whose sexual development is intermediate are called ____. An estimated 1 child in 100 in the United States is born with some degree of genital ambiguity, and 1 in 2000 has enough ambiguity to make its male or female status uncertain.

A

intersexes

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14
Q

For many years, the policy was to raise most intersexed people as ____, on the assumption that surgery could make them look like normal girls, and they would develop behaviours corresponding to the way they were reared.

A

girls

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15
Q

Studies have found the girls exposed to the largest amount of testosterone in early development showed the largest preference for ____ ____.

A

boys toys

16
Q

Certain individuals with an XY chromosome pattern have the genital appearance of a female. This condition is known as ____ ____, or ____ ____.

A

androgen insensitivity, or testicular feminisation

17
Q

Although such individuals produce normal amounts of androgens (including testosterone), they lack the receptor that enables androgen to activate __________. Consequently, the cells are insensitive to androgens, and development proceeds as if the level of testosterone and similar hormones was low.

A

genes in a cells nucleus

18
Q

Some genetic males are born with a very small penis because of a condition called ____ ____, a deficit of pelvis development. Despite their genital anatomy, they had typical male levels of testosterone in prenatal development.

A

cloacal exstrophy

19
Q

Of those with cloacal exstrophy who are reared as girls, all develop typical ____ interests, many or most eventually demand reassignment as males, and nearly all develop sexual attraction towards women, not mean.

A

male

20
Q

A surgically created or lengthened vagina maybe satisfactory to a male partner, but it provides no ____ to the woman and requires almost daily attention to prevent it from scarring over.

A

sensation

21
Q

Many with cloacal exstrophy report no ____ ____ ever, little or no interest in sex, and little or no romantic attraction to mean.

A

sexual partner

22
Q

What accounts for differences in ____ ____? Many influences appear to be important, including genetics, prenatal environment, and as-yet unidentified aspects of experience.

A

sexual orientation

23
Q

Where’s most ____ discover the sexual orientation early, many woman a slower.

A

men

24
Q

Feminine-type behaviours in childhood and adolescence correlate strongly with ____ ____ in adulthood for mean, but early masculine-type behaviours are poor predictors of sexual orientation in women.

A

homosexual orientation

25
Q

A higher percentage of women than men experience at least some physical attraction to both males and females, and some woman switch between a homosexual and ____ orientations.

A

heterosexual