10.3 Hunger Flashcards
The ____ ____ function is to break food into smaller molecules that the cells can use.
digestive systems
Humans eat more than we ____ for today. Choosing which food to eat and how much is an important decision.
need
Digestant begins in the mouth, where enzymes in the saliva breakdown ____.
carbohydrates
Swallowed food travels down the oesophagus to the stomach, where it mixes with hydrochloric acid and enzymes that digest ____.
proteins
The stomach stores food for a time, and then around sphincter muscle opens at the end of the stomach to release food to the ____ ____.
small intestine
The small intestine has enzymes that digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It is also the site for absorbing digestive materials into the ____.
bloodstream
The blood carries chemicals to ____ ____ that either use them or store them for later use.
body cells
The ____ intestine absorbs water and minerals and lubricates the remaining material to pass as faeces.
large
____ ____ survive at first on mothers milk. As they grow older, they stop nursing for several reasons: the milk supply declines, the mother pushes them away, and they begin to eat other foods.
Newborn mammals
Most mammals about the age of weaning lose the intestinal enzyme ____, which is necessary for metabolising lactose, the sugar in milk. From then on, milk consumption causes stomach cramps and gas.
lactase
Humans are a partial exception to this rule. Many adults have enough lactase levels to consume milk and other ____ ____ throughout life.
dairy products
People who are ____ ____ can consume a little milk, and larger amounts of cheese and yoghurt, which are easier to digests. If they overeat dairy products, the result depends on the type of bacteria they have in their digestive system, but it often includes diarrhoea, cramps, and gas pains.
lactose intolerant
Presumably the belief that _______ is an illusion based on people’s tendency to remember the observations that fit their expectation and disregard the others.
sugar causes hyperactivity
Eating is far too important to be entrusted to just one mechanism. Your brain gets messages from your ____, ____, ____, ___ ____, and elsewhere to regulate your eating.
mouth, stomach, intestines, fat cells
People like to eat. In fact, many people like to ____ and ____ even when they are not hungry.
taste and chew