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GCSE BIO > B7: BIODIVERSITY + HUMAN IMPACT > Flashcards

B7: BIODIVERSITY + HUMAN IMPACT Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

the variety of different species of organisms on earth/within an ecosystem

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2
Q

How does having a high biodiversity impact the stability of an ecosystem? why?

A

-having a high biodiversity increases the stability of an ecosystem
-because there is more than one species to rely on for food/shelter

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3
Q

What are some examples of human activities that reduce biodiversity?

A

-deforestation (less CO2 taken in, more CO2 released, destruction of habitats)
-pollution/waste (toxic, kills organisms)
-burning fossil fuels (increase in CO2 which increases global warming: affects distribution, loss of habitats)
-land use (destruction of habitats)
-hunting/poaching/over-fishing (kills organisms)
-mining/fracking/quarrying (destruction of habitats)
-agriculture (use of herbicides and pesticides)

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of pollution?

A

-water pollution
-land pollution
-air pollution

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5
Q

What are the causes of water pollution?

A

-sewage
-toxic chemicals from industry
-oil spills into water
-chemicals used on land for crops (fertilisers/pesticides/herbicides) washed into water

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6
Q

What are the causes of land pollution?

A

-toxic chemicals
-landfill sites
-nuclear waste underground

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7
Q

What are the causes of air pollution?

A

-smoke and acidic gases (eg: sulfur dioxide/CO2) from burning fossil fuels

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8
Q

What is acid rain caused by?

A

-sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides being dissolved in water before precipitation

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9
Q

What are the impact of acid rain?

A

-kills plant species by damaging leaves
-kills aquatic species by increasing acidity of aquatic ecosystems
-decreases soil and mineral content

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10
Q

Why do we use more resources and produce more waste?

A

-rapid growth in human population
-increased standard of living

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11
Q

Why do humans use land?

A

-landfill sites
-agriculture/farming
-building
-mining/quarrying

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12
Q

What is peat?

A

a brown soil-like material formed from partially rotted plants in acidic and waterlogged areas

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13
Q

What is a peat bog?

A

poorly drained areas made up of partially decomposed organic matter due to waterlogging

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14
Q

What do peat bogs store?

A

carbon

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15
Q

Why are peat bogs drained?

A

-so area can be used as farmland
-so peat can be used as fuel
-so peat can be used as compost

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16
Q

What are the negative impacts of destroying peat bogs?

A

-releases CO2 due to decay
-burning of peat releases CO2
-destruction of habitat decreases biodiversity

17
Q

Why has large scale deforestation occurred in tropical areas?

A

-to clear land for cattle and rice fields
-to grow crops for biofuels/palm oil

18
Q

Why has large scale deforestation occurred in temperate forests?

A

-to obtain wood for paper/building
-to clear land for farming

19
Q

What are the negative impacts of deforestation?

A

-less trees to take in CO2 for photosynthesis leads to an increase in CO2 which leads to an increase in global warming
-destruction of habitats decreases biodiversity
-burning wood increases CO2 which increases CO2 which leads to an increase in global warming
-decomposition of wood leads to an increase in CO2 which leads to an increase in global warming
-soil erosion

20
Q

What are the greenhouse gases and where do they come from?

A

-CO2 (from deforestation and burning fossil fuels)
-CH4 (from landfill and cattle farming)
-water vapour

21
Q

What causes the greenhouse effect?

A

-sun emits short wavelength radiation (UV)
-earth heats up and emits long wavelength radiation (IR)
-greenhouse gases absorb long wavelength radiation and emit it in all directions
-some long wavelength radiation is reabsorbed by the earth and heats it up

22
Q

What are the consequences of global warming?

A

-rising sea levels which leads to loss of habitats and floods
-extreme weather events
-higher levels of smog
-changes in distribution of animals
-changes to migration patterns
-less biodiversity (if species do not adapt to changing environment they will not survive and may lead to extinction)
-impact on agriculture and food security

23
Q

How are we trying to reduce our impact on biodiversity?

A

-deforestation - reduction of deforestation by government legislation and programmes to protect/regenerate habitats​
-water pollution - sewage management/treatment, avoiding fertiliser surface run off (amount and timing of using fertiliser) ​
​-air pollution - reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by government legislation, Reduction of acidic gases (sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides) ​
​-land pollution - reduce, reuse, recycle rather than landfill​
-land use (building/quarrying/farming/waste) - regulations and protection of rare habitats​
​-destruction of peat bogs/habitats - protection and regeneration of rare habitats, breeding programmes ​
global warming - government legislation and regulations ​, reduction of CO2 emissions

24
Q

What do farmers do that decrease biodiversity?

A

-add fertiliser to crops (causes eutrophication when it runs off into water)
-some farmers only grow one crop
-use herbicides and pesticides

25
Q

How is the impact of adding fertiliser to crops reduced?

A

controlling amount of fertiliser added and when it is added

26
Q

How is the impact of only growing 1 crop reduced?

A

farmers which only grow one crop must introduce hedgerows and field margins where wild flowers and grasses are left to grow

27
Q

How is the impact of using pesticides and herbicides reduced?

A

-limits on use
-wild fields

28
Q

What are the different methods used to maintain biodversity?

A

-breeding programmes for endangered species
-protection and regeneration of rare habitats
-reintroduction of field margins and hedgerows in agricultural areas where farmers grow only one type of crop​
-reduction of deforestation
-recycling resources rather than dumping waste in landfill

29
Q

Evaluate breeding programmes for endangered species

A

+ : prevent endangered animals from being extinct
- : animal welfare, cost

30
Q

Evaluate protection and regeneration of rare habitats

A

+ : preserve ecosystem and protect species living there
- : negative impact of tourism and local economies

31
Q

Evaluate reintroduction of field margins and hedgerows in agricultural areas where farmers grow only one type of crop

A

+ : work to maintain biodiversity within an ecosystem
- : costly (governments pay farmers a subsidy, cost of ensuring that these legislations are being adhered to) ​

32
Q

Evaluate reduction of deforestation

A

+ : helped to decrease CO2 levels and maintain habitats
- : may impact local economy, unemployment

GCSE BIO (58 decks)

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