B4: RESPIRATION + EXERCISE Flashcards
What is respiration?
a chemical reaction that happens in the mitochondria which releases energy
What is aerobic respiration?
respiration with oxygen
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
oxygen + glucose –> carbon dioxide + water
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What do organisms need energy for?
-chemical reactions
-movement and muscle contractions
-storage
-keeping warm
What happens during exercise?
-during exercise muscles contract more frequently
-so more energy is needed for muscle contractions
-increased rate of respiration to provide increased demand for energy
-cells need more O2 (and more glucose) for increased rate of respiration
-therefore breathing rate, breath volume and heart rate increase
What is anaerobic respiration?
respiration without (enough) oxygen
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose –> lactic acid
What does lactic acid cause?
-muscle fatigue
-muscles stop contracting efficiently (cramping)
-aching
How is lactic acid removed?
-O2 is required to break down the lactic acid into CO2 and water
or
-blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it s converted back into glucose
What is oxygen debt?
the amount of extra O2 the body needs after exercise to react with the lactic acid and remove it
What is the name of the process whereby plant and yeast cells anaerobically respire?
fermentation
What is the equation for fermentation?
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What are the uses of fermentation?
-CO2 produced causes bread to rise and makes beer fizzy
-ethanol produced is alcohol in beer and wine
