B6- evolution, natural selection

Question 1

what is the theory of evolution?

Answer 1

all species have evolved from simple life forms that first started to develop over 3 billion years ago.

Question 2

why is evolution controversial?

Answer 2

religion: challenged God
insufficient evidence at the time

Question 3

what is natural selection?

Answer 3

useful characteristics become more common in a population: causes evolution

Question 4

what is evolution?

Answer 4

gradual change of inherited characteristic of species over time

Question 5

what are the six stages of natural selection: MVCBSI

Answer 5

mutation
variation
competition
best suited
survival & reproduction
inheritance

Question 6

what is speciation?

Answer 6

over a long period of time, individuals phenotype of populations of one species can become so different THEY CAN NO LONGER INTERBREED TO PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING they have FORMED NEW SPECIES

Question 7

what is selective breeding?

Answer 7

Artificial breeding

Question 8

why are genetic characteristics chosen?

Answer 8

Usefulness or appearances

Question 9

what are more specific reasons genetic characteristics chosen?

Answer 9

-Disease resistance in food crops
-animals which produce more meat
-domestic dogs with gentle nature
-large/unusual flowers

Question 10

what is the process of selective breeding?

Answer 10

1- from existing population choose parents w desired characteristic
2-breed parents together
3-breed offspring again with desired characteristics
4-continuous until offspring show desired characteristics

Question 11

what is inbreeding?

Answer 11

best animals/plants in population are closely related

Question 12

what can inbreeding lead too? (2 points)

Answer 12

-reduce gene pool
-prone to inherited defects

Question 13

what is genetic engineering?

Answer 13

modifying the genome by introducing gene from another organism to give desired characteristic

Question 14

why do we genetic engineer?

Answer 14

-resistance to disease
-produce bigger & better quality of fruits
-fortified with nutrients
-increased yeild of crop = food avaliability

Question 15

why do we genetically modify bacteria?

Answer 15

to produce useful substances such as inculin

Question 16

why do we use gene therapy?

Answer 16

for inherited disorders

Question 17

what is the process of genetic engineering? (5 stages)

Answer 17

1- Gene isolated from Organsim using enzymes
2- useful gene inserted into vector
3-vector inserted into cells of other organism at early stage of development
4-cells divide
5-organisms develop desired characteristic

Question 18

what are the 2 components and their elements apart of genetic engineering?

Answer 18

HUMAN CELL: nucleus, DNA- containing desired C cut out w enzyme
BACTERIA CELL: plasmid cut with enzyme, enzyme insert human gene into bacteria plasmid

Question 19

pros to genetic engineering MEDICAL?

Answer 19

-medical research: possibility to treat inherited disorder (gene therapy)
-produce drugs: such as insulin

Question 20

cons to genetic engineering MEDICAL?

Answer 20

-risk of changing individuals genes
-may cause unplanted problems, resources required for developed treatments

Question 21

pros to genetic engineering
AGRICULTURE?

Answer 21

-disease resistance
-increased yield availability

Question 22

cons to genetic engineering AGRICULTURE?

Answer 22

-affect population of biodiversity
-effect on human health
-transplanted genes ‘getting out’ into natural environment