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Biology > B6- DNA, alleles, inherited disorders > Flashcards

B6- DNA, alleles, inherited disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

tightly coiled DNA in nucleus which carries genes

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2
Q

what is a gene?

A

short section of DNA containing instructions to make protein & CONTROLS DEVELOPMENT OF A CHARACTERISTIC

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3
Q

what is a allele?

A

alternative version of gene

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4
Q

what is a genotype?

A

the alleles you have e.g Rr

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5
Q

what is a phenotype?

A

the characteristics you have e.g blue eyes

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6
Q

what is dominant?

A

only ONE allele required for characteristic to be expressed as it overrules recessive allele. represented by capital letter

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7
Q

what is recessive?

A

TWO alleles required to be expressed represented by lowercase letter e.g aa

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8
Q

what is homozygous?

A

two alleles required for a specific gene that are the SAME e.g AA

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9
Q

what is heterozygous?

A

two alleles for a particular gene that are different e.g Aa

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10
Q

what are the 4 bases

A

A-T
C-G

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11
Q

what goes with base A?

A

T

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12
Q

what goes with base G?

A

C

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13
Q

what is the structure of DNA?

A

between bases have HYDROGEN bonds

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14
Q

what do the order of bases decide?

A

will decide order of amino acids in protein code for specific characteristics

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15
Q

what is code for female?

A

XX chromosome

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16
Q

what is code for male?

A

XY chromosome

17
Q

how is the male and female chromosome decided (hint: sperm & egg)

A

eggs have Y chromosome and sperm decide by either having X or Y

18
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

disorder of cell membrane—> sticky mucus build up in the lungs and digestive system

19
Q

what causes cystic fibrosis?

A

RECESSIVE alle so you can be a carrier

20
Q

what are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

A

frequent chest infections
prolonging coughs
infertility within men
trouble gaining weight

21
Q

what are some treatments for cystic fibrosis?

A

antibiotics
physiotherapy
enzyme capsules
high fat diet
lung transplant

22
Q

what is polydactyly?

A

extra fingers or toes

23
Q

what causes polydactyl?

A

Dominant Allele

Biology (19 decks)

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