B1- Cell differentiation and specialisation

Question 1

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 1

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for it’s specific job.

Question 2

What can differentiation lead to (development wise of structure)
2 points

Answer 2

-cell changes can lead to a development of different sub-cellular structures and torn into different types of cells.
-this allows them to carry out their specific function.

Question 3

Where does most differentiation occur?
2 points

Answer 3

-Most differentiation occurs as an organism develops, therefore most animals loose their ability to develop at an early age.
-However plant cells don’t ever loose their ability to differentiate

Question 4

what are undifferentiated cells called?

Answer 4

stem cells

Question 5

What are chromosomes?

Answer 5

Chromosomes are coiled up lengths of DNA.Each chromosome has a large number of genes with their own control of different characteristics

Question 6

How many Chromosomes do we have?

Answer 6

Most body cells have two copies of each chromosome from the organism’s mother and father.
23 pair of chromosomes in a human cell.

Question 7

Where are chromosomes contained?

Answer 7

Genetic material in form of Chromosomes are contained in your nucleas

Question 8

summarise the cell cycle and how it ends.

Answer 8

body cells in multicellular organisms divide to produce new cells as part of a series of stages called the cell cycle. The end of the cell cycle results in two new identical cells

Question 9

What is mitosis?

Answer 9

The stage of division during the cell cycle, where the parent cell is divided into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 10

what are undifferentiated cells

Answer 10

undifferentiated cells can be referred to as stem cell which have the capability to transform into any cell

Question 11

what types of stem cells are there ?
Hint: 2 animal, 2 plant

Answer 11

-embryonic found in embryo and bone marrow, inside of an animal
-found in tip of root and tip of shoot in plant cell

Question 12

what is an ethical issue surrounding embryonic stem cells?

Answer 12

The early embryo has to be destroyed. This means destroying potential human life.

Question 13

pros and cons of stem cells

Answer 13

pro:
-can treat an array of illnesses such as spinal cord injury, blindness, paralysis
-easy to obtain with a minor operation
Cons:
-can be painful surgery
-ethical issues