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bio > B5 - enzyme > Flashcards

B5 - enzyme Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define enzymes

A

protein that is involved in all metabolic reactions where they function as biological catalysts

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2
Q

define catalyst

A

a substance which increases rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction

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3
Q

why are enzymes biological catalysts

A

they’re made in cells

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4
Q

define substrate

A

molecule which an enzyme acts on

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5
Q

what is the lock and key hypothesis

A

analogy used to show reaction involving enzymes and substrate

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6
Q

what is the lock

A

active site of enzyme

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6
Q

7 properties of enzymes

A

-made of protein
-function as biological catalysts
-re-usable
-active site is specific
-can break down or join substrates
-sensitive to temp. changes
-sensitive to pH changes

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7
Q

what is the key

A

substrate

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7
Q

what does the substrate do to the enzyme

A

they bind together

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8
Q

what are complementary

A

active site and substrate

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9
Q

what are each enzymes (activities sites) to substrate

A

specific

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10
Q

what do enzymes do

A

-maintain rate of all metabolic reactions
-at rate that can sustain life

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11
Q

what is it called when enzyme and substrate binds together

A

enzyme- substrate complex

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12
Q

what breaks down hydrogen peroxide

A

-catalase

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12
Q

what happens to the substrate after it binds with the enzyme

A

-it is a products
-diffuses from the active site
-either joined tgt or broken

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13
Q

what is hydrogen peroxide broken down into

A
  • hydrogen peroxide -> water and oxygen
    (2H2O + O2)
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14
Q

what causes oxygen gas to foam

A

liquid detergent

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15
Q

where are enzymes written in a reaction

A

on top of arrow

16
Q

3 hazards of experimenting catalase enzyme reaction

A

-cutting food
- H2O2 is irritant to skin
- H2O2 gets in eyes

17
Q

3 control measures of experimenting catalase enzyme reaction

A

-cutting food downwards on a tile
-wash it off, avoid skin contact
-wear googles

18
Q

which side of the table and graph is the independent variable in

A

-left of table
-x- axis

19
Q

what is the optimum temperature in humans for most enzymes

A

37 C

20
Q

what is the optimum temperature in plants for most enzymes

A

-around 25C

21
Q

what can be said about the optimum temp/ pH level of each enzymes

A

-enzymes have different optimum temp./ pH levels

22
Q

define optimum temp

A

temp where enzyme activity is highest

23
Q

describe the relationship between rate of reaction and temp

A

-as temp increases until optimum temp, rate of reaction increases
-after the optimum temp, the rate of reaction decreases

24
Q

explain why rate of reaction increases as temp increase until optimum temp

A

-more temp
-more KE in substrate and enzyme
-molecular motion of substrate and enzyme more
-more successful collisions
-more products are formed
-increased rate of reaction

25
Q

when does an enzyme denature

A

temp past optimum temp

26
Q

explain why rate of reaction decreases as temp increase after optimum temp

A

-molecular motion of enzyme increases so much that it denatures permanently
-bonds that stabilise enzyme’s structure are changed
-active site changes shape- no longer complementary to substrate
-enzyme cannot function
-less products
-decrease rate of reaction

26
Q

is denaturing irreversible

A

yes

27
Q

define KE

A

-random movement energy by enzyme and substrate
-heat increases this

28
Q

define successful collisions

A

-when enzyme and substrate bump into each other with sufficient energy for chemical reaction to take place

29
Q

define denatured

A

-when enzyme’s active site changes shape permanently so that itis not complementary to substrate
-caused by high temp and extreme pH

30
Q

3 hazards of experimenting catalase enzyme reaction in pH levels

A

-cutting hazard
-corrosive/ caustic/ irritant substance
-allergies

31
Q

what is pH a measure of

A

acidity

31
Q

3 control measures of experimenting catalase enzyme reaction in pH levels

A

-cut down onto a tile
-wear googles, avoid skin contact
-use tweezer to pick food up

32
Q

here is pH 2, pH7.5, pH9 found in the body

A

pH2- stomach
pH7.5- mouth
pH9- small intestine

33
Q

are enzymes living things

A

no, they are organic chemicals made by living things

34
Q

how many amino acids are enzymes made from

A

22 diff. natural occurring

35
Q

define anabolic enzymes

A

enzymes that join substrate to form product

36
Q

define catabolic enzymes

A

enzymes that break substrate to form product

37
Q

does the concentration of enzyme stay the same and why

A

yes because it is not used up

38
Q

note: when drawing line of best fit, make sure there is a peak btw 2 of the most active points

A

bio (20 decks)

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