B2 - cell structure- animal, plants, bacteria, specialised Flashcards
what are the organelles in an animal cell (6)
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria, glycogen granules
Whare are the organelles in a plant cell (9)
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria, permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast, starch grain
what are the organelles in a bacteria cell (6)
cytoplasm, cell membrane, plasmid, ribosomes, cell wall, circular DNA
what is the functions of nucleus
- controls all cell activites
- contains genetic information (DNA)
what is the function of cytoplasm
gel- like substance in cell which contains the organelles
what is the function of cell membrane
-selectively permeable
-controls which substances enter or leave the cell
what is the function of ribosomes
carries out protein synthesis
what is the function of mitchondria
carries out aerobic respiration which releases energy
what is the function of glycogen granules
temporary food store of carbohydrates
what is the function of permanent vacoule
-contains salts sugars and cell sap
-keeps cell turgid to support the plant
what is the function of cell wall (plants)
- made of cellulose
-fully permeable - supports and protects cell
-keeps cell from bursting - keeps cell shape
what is the function of chloroplast
-contains chlorophyll (green pigment which absorbs light energy)
-site of photosynthesis
-makes glucose and sugar
what is the function of starch grains
-store of carbohydrates
what is the function of circular DNA
-contains genetic information (DNA)
-controls all cell activites
what is the function of cell wall (bacteria)
-made of peptidoglycans (contain protein)
-fully permeable
-keeps cell from bursting
what is the function of plasmid
-small circle of DNA containing survival genes which can be transferred to other bacteria
what is the difference in ribosome in bacteria than plant and animal cells
ribosomes in bactria are smaller than the ribosomes in plant and animal cells
what is the function of cytoplasm in bacteria cells
-gel- like substance in cell which contains the organelles
-site of chemical reaction
what do bacteria cell not have the plant cells do
nucleus, mitochondria, permanent vacuole, chloroplast
what is the difference in shape of plant and animal cells
animal- irregular
plant- regular
what is the difference in the type of vacuole animal and plant cells have
animal- small, temporary
plant- large, permanent, central
how do bacteria reproduce
binary fission
how doe binary fission work
- the original bacteria cell expands to a critical length and a copy of the DNA is synthesized ( DNA replication)
[DNA is copied so that the number of loops in the daughter cells are identical to the original cell] - Daughters cells are formed- genetically identical to the original cell (clones)
define generation time
time taken for each cell to divide into 2