Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio > B19 - ecosystems, habitat destruction, conservation > Flashcards

B19 - ecosystems, habitat destruction, conservation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define ecosystem

A

a unit containing the community of organisms and their environment, interacting together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define habitat

A

an area where an organism lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define population

A

all the members of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define community

A

all populations of living organisms in a habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

state the interactions in a ecosystem

A

community, habitat and environment all interact with each other. Community interacts with itself. This forms an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

names the 2 environmental factors and their meaning

A

Biotic - living factors
Abiotic - non- living factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 2 types of abiotic things

A

Physical and climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

give examples of abiotic physical and climate

A

physical - light intensity, water availability, oxygen / carbon dioxide concentration
climate- temperature, humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

give examples of biotic

A

diseases, mates, food, predators, community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define biodiversity

A

number of different species that live in an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

state the 2 factors to measure biodiversity

A

-number of different species
-total number of individuals in that ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

state where there would be high and low biodiversity and give a reason

A

High - tropical rain forest - plenty water, high temperature
Low - Deserts - high temperature, little water - Polar regions - low temperature, plenty water (frozen) - Urban regions - little space for plants to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What reduces biodiversity (11)

A

-urbanisation
-human activates - pollution, overharvesting, hunting, introduction of foreign species
-habitat destruction - deforestation, agriculture,
-climate change - global warming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do some ecosystems have a higher biodiversity

A

-more even spread of species
-greater total of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does monoculture affect biodiversity

A

-1 dominant species
- damages food web

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reasons for habitat destruction (6)

A

-increased land use
-Marine pollution
-Fresh water pollution (discarded rubbish)
-Chemical waste
-extraction of natural resources
-Untreated sewage / fertilisers (Eutrophication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give the effects and examples of increased land use

A

eg. livestock production, crop production, urbanisation, factories
Effects:
-damages food web
-produce pollution
-decrease biodiversity
-increased green house effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give the effects and examples of marine pollution

A

eg. oil spills, plastics, nets hooks, eutrophication
Effects:
-disrupts food web
-microplastic - toxic to animals
-strangles / cuts animals (nets and hooks)
-decreased dissolved oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give the effects and examples of extraction of resources

A

eg. mining, stones, oil, wood, gas
Effects:
-disrupts food webs
-destroys habitats
-reduces biodiversity
-pollution

20
Q

Give the effects and examples of chemical waste

A

eg. nuclear waste, heavy metals, pesticides
Effects:
-disrupts food webs
-bioaccumulation / biomagnification of heavy metals and pesticides
-kills top consumer
-mutations, cancer (nuclear waste)
-damaged nervous system and brain damage (heavy metals)

21
Q

Give the effects and examples of fresh water pollution (discarded rubbish)

A

eg. plastic, cans, food waste, glass
Effects:
-strangles / cuts animals
-non biodegradable
-smells and spread diseases
-cause forest fires

22
Q

Give the effects and examples of untreated sewage / fertiliser

A

eg. human waste, animal waste, nitrate fertiliser
Effects: Eutrophication
-increased plant growth in water (algae bloom) and blocks light
-decomposers feed on dead algae
-decomposer population increases and use up dissolved oxygen
-animals die from lack of oxygen

23
Q

define bioaccumulation

A

build up of chemical in body (fat)

24
Q

define biomagnification

A

concentration of chemical increases with each tropic level

25
Q

define biodegradable

A

cannot break down

26
Q

define biological control of pests

A

introduction of foreign species

27
Q

what are the disadvantage and advantage of biological control of pests

A

-advantage - no chemical added into the food web
-disadvantage - introduced species may not eat pests, native species cannot defend against invaders, have no natural predators

28
Q

define deforestation

A

mass clearing of forests

29
Q

4 effects of deforestation

A

-soil erosion
-flooding
-increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere
-extinction

30
Q

explain soil erosion from deforestation

A

-no roots to anchor soil
-leeching - unused nutrients and minerals will be washed away
-harder to regrow trees

31
Q

explain extinction from deforestation

A

-habitats destroyed
-loss of biodiversity
-fewer producer

32
Q

explain increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere from deforestation

A

-trees store carbon which is released when burning trees
- less photosynthesis which removes carbon dioxide from atmosphere

33
Q

explain flooding from deforestation

A

-rain will not hit leaves and slow down
-loose top soil - risk of flash flooding and landslides
-roots absorb water

34
Q

explain climate change from deforestation

A

-reduced transpiration and direr atmosphere - affect water cycle and reduced rainfall
-thermal gradients - raised temperature in lower atmosphere from rapid heating of adsorption - more intense and frequent winds

35
Q

how is climate change a threat to biodiversity

A

-change in temperatures and environmental conditions that animals cannot adapt to

36
Q

how is hunting a threat to biodiversity

A

-removal of organisms - risk of extinction
-disrupts food web

37
Q

how is overharvesting a threat to biodiversity

A

-more removal of organisms than reproduction of them
-disrupts food web
-population is unsustainable

38
Q

how is habitat destruction a threat to biodiversity

A

-fewer organisms can be supported

39
Q

how is pollution a threat to biodiversity

A

-destroys habitat

40
Q

4 ways for conservation

A

-monitoring and protecting endangered species
-educate
-breeding in captivity programs
-seed banks

41
Q

How does seed banks help conversation

A

-keeps seed of endangered species
-keeps seeds dry and cold to prevent germination
-protects and maintains plant genetic diversity

42
Q

How does captive breeding programs help conversation

A

-lower infant mortality rate - easier to re-establish population
-prevent extinction
-some species are let out in wild to re-establish population

43
Q

How does educating help conversation

A

-teach people the importance of conservation and how they can help

44
Q

How does monitoring and protecting endangered species help conversation

A

-easier to identify which species are at risk
-development of land is restricted
-protected areas protect animals and habitats

45
Q

how does deforestation affect concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

A

-less photosynthesis happens
-less CO2 removed form atmosphere

bio (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions