B12 - aerobic and anaerobic respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

define respiration

A

chemical reaction in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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2
Q

when and where does respiration take place

A

all the time in all cells of living things

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3
Q

what is the main energy used to provide energy in cells

A

glucose

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4
Q

6 uses of energy in living things

A

-muscle contractions
-protein synthesis
-cell division
-growth
-the passage of nerve impulses
-maintenance of a constant body temperature (37C)

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5
Q

define aerobic respiration

A

chemical reaction in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules and to release energy

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6
Q

balanced equation for aerobic respiration (don’t add energy)

A

C6H12O6 + 6O = 6CO2 + 6H20
1glucose + 6oxygen = 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water

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7
Q

word equation for aerobic respiration (don’t add energy)

A

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

how much energy is produced from aerobic respiration

A

2880 KJ

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9
Q

2 aerobic respiration experiments

A

-use soaked pea seed with a thermometer
-set up a respirometer including soda lime to absorb carbon dioxide and a coloured liquid which will move towards the organism

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10
Q

2 evidence of aerobic respiration

A

-heat released
-used up oxygen - so coloured liquid moves towards organism

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11
Q

define anaerobic respiration

A

chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules to release energy without oxygen

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12
Q

how does anaerobic respiration work

A

during VIGOUROUS exercises, demand of oxygen exceed supply of oxygen (causing oxygen debt), muscles do anaerobic respiration

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13
Q

word equation for anaerobic respiration (don’t add energy)

A

glucose = lattice acid

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14
Q

how much energy is produced from anaerobic respiration

A

120 KJ

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15
Q

what does lattice acid build up do to muscles

A

-muscle fatigue
-feel pain

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16
Q

why cannot anaerobic respiration continue for a long time

A

lattice acid build up

17
Q

what happens after VIGOROUS exercise stops

A

lattice acid is sent to liver through bloodstream to oxidise it. The heart continues to beat fast when transporting lattice acid from muscles to liver

18
Q

how is breathing affected after anaerobic respiration and why

A

they breathe DEEPLY and RAPIDLY to supply extra oxygen to oxidise the toxic lattice acid into harmless products.

19
Q

where does lattice acid build up

A

-muscles
-blood

20
Q

define oxygen debt

A

the extra oxygen needed after exercise to break down lactic acid

21
Q

advantages of aerobic over anaerobic

A

-not produce lattice acid
-release more energy

22
Q

explanation of increased oxygen consumption

A

-increased muscle contractions
-increased need for energy and oxygen
-increased breathing rate

23
Q

is carbon dioxide released in anaerobic respiration

A

no

24
Q

is oxygen required for anaerobic respiration

A

no

25
Q

reactants of aerobic and anaerobic

A

aerobic - glucose + oxygen
anaerobic - glucose

26
Q

products of aerobic and anaerobic

A

aerobic - carbon dioxide + water
anaerobic - lattice acid

27
Q

what are are 3 things that go on after vigorous exercise

A

-lattice acid transports to liver from muscle.
-fast heart rate - transport lattice acid to liver from muscles through bloodstream.
-breathe deeper and faster - extra oxygen to oxidise lattice acid.

28
Q

what does a respirometer do

A

measure oxygen taken up by small organisms (the one with coloured liquid)

29
Q

what does the liver produce when it oxideses lactic acid

A

water and carbon dioxide

30
Q

composition of air in a balloon inflated by someone

A

O2 - 14%
CO2 - 4%