B: Physics = Changes in Motion 2.4 A Closer Look at Forces and Newton's Third Law Flashcards
What is the primary collision?
The vehicle colliding with another object, such as another vehicle
This is the first type of collision that occurs in a vehicle accident.
What is the secondary collision?
The occupant colliding with the interior of the vehicle
This collision occurs after the primary collision, affecting the safety of the vehicle’s occupants.
What is the tertiary collision?
The occupant’s internal organs colliding within the occupant’s body
This type of collision can lead to severe internal injuries.
What are Newton’s laws of motion fundamental for?
Designing safety features that reduce damage and injury in automobile collisions
These laws help engineers understand how vehicles and occupants respond during a crash.
True or False: A vehicle collision involves only one collision.
False
A vehicle collision actually involves three types of collisions.
Fill in the blank: The three classes of collisions are primary collision, ________, and tertiary collision.
secondary collision
Understanding these collisions helps in the design of safety features.
What is the purpose of safety technologies in vehicles?
To reduce injury in a motor vehicle collision
These technologies are designed to address the different types of collisions.
What happens to the occupants of a vehicle during a collision?
They remain in motion at the same speed due to their momentum
This is a consequence of Newton’s First Law of Motion, where an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
What determines the extent of injuries to vehicle occupants during a collision?
The impulse that results when the occupants collide with the interior parts of the vehicle
Impulse is defined as the change in momentum, which is affected by the force and the time duration of the impact.
What is the effect of safety features during a vehicle collision?
They increase the time interval for impact, reducing the force exerted on occupants
Safety features like airbags and seatbelts are designed to extend the time over which the collision occurs, decreasing the force experienced by occupants.
True or False: The force exerted by the vehicle on the occupant is equal to the force exerted by the occupant on the vehicle.
True
This is an application of Newton’s Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What happens when a person jumps off a skateboard in terms of forces?
One force is exerted by the person on the skateboard, and the other force is exerted by the skateboard on the person
This scenario illustrates Newton’s Third Law, where the forces between two objects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Fill in the blank: The force exerted by the occupant smashed the _______ and compressed the air bag.
windshield
The impact caused by the occupant’s movement during a collision leads to damage to the vehicle’s interior components.
What does Newton’s third law of motion state?
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal but opposite force on the first object.
This law highlights the interaction between two objects, emphasizing that forces occur in pairs.
How can Newton’s third law be summarized in everyday speech?
For every action force, there is an equal but opposite reaction force.
This summary is concise but does not specify that the forces act on different objects.
What is the equation representing Newton’s third law of motion?
F = -F
This equation indicates that the force exerted by object 1 on object 2 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by object 2 on object 1.
In the example of the skaters, what is the action force?
The skater on the right pulls on the rope.
This action causes the skater on the left to move towards the skater on the right.
In the example of the skaters, what is the reaction force?
The skater on the left exerts an equal but opposite force on the skater on the right.
This reaction force also causes the skater on the right to move.
True or False: The action and reaction forces in Newton’s third law act on the same object.
False
The action and reaction forces act on different objects, which is a crucial aspect of Newton’s third law.
What are the foundation elements of Newton’s laws of motion?
Forces
Forces are crucial for understanding how objects interact with each other.
What is the significance of forces in relation to Newton’s laws?
They help to understand how objects interact with each other
Forces and the laws of motion are interlinked in analyzing interactions.
What does Newton’s third law of motion state?
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal but opposite force on the first object.
What equation summarizes Newton’s third law of motion?
F1 = -F2
In the investigation with toy cars connected by a spring, what was observed?
The forces acting on the two toy cars.
What remains the same for both objects if the force and the time interval are the same?
Impulse and change in momentum.
If two objects have different masses, what cannot be the same?
Velocity and acceleration.
What happens to the object with the smaller mass when the same force is applied?
It experiences a larger acceleration and attains a larger change in velocity.
What happens to the object with the larger mass when the same force is applied?
It experiences a smaller acceleration and a smaller change in velocity.
Why are occupants of a larger vehicle less likely to receive serious injuries in a minor collision?
Because they experience smaller changes in velocity.
Fill in the blank: Newton’s third law of motion can be summarized by the equation F1 = _______.
-F2
True or False: The impulse experienced by two objects is different if the same force is applied over the same time interval.
False
