B: Physics = Changes in Motion 2.2 Change in Momentum Flashcards
What is the momentum of an owl flying at 15 m/s with a mass of 2.1 kg?
32 kg-m/s
Momentum (p–>) is calculated using the formula p–> = mv–>, where m is mass and v is velocity.
What is the estimated force involved in collisions between owls and vehicles?
14,000 N or more
This force can be significant due to the momentum of the owl during the collision.
How can the momentum of a relatively small bird produce a large force in a collision?
Momentum changes during interaction
The change in momentum leads to the application of force during the collision.
The bird and vehicle both have velocity and then the bird will end up slowing down very quickly. The change in velocity is directly proportional to the change in momentum since momentum is mass multiplied by velocity.
What is the equation for momentum?
p–> = mv–>
p represents momentum, m represents mass, and v represents velocity.
What must change to alter the momentum of an object?
Mass, velocity, or both
If mass remains constant, a change in velocity indicates acceleration.
According to Newton’s second law, what is required to accelerate a mass?
An unbalanced force
This principle is articulated in the equation F–> = ma–>, where F–> is force, m is mass, and a–> is acceleration.
What does the equation F–> = ma–> represent?
The relationship between net force, mass, and acceleration
The equation shows that greater net force results in greater acceleration or change in velocity.
What is the relationship between net force and change in velocity?
Greater net force leads to greater change in velocity
This relationship emphasizes the importance of force in altering an object’s motion.
Fill in the blank: The equation for force can be expressed as F–> = _______.
ma–>
This highlights the dependence of force on mass and acceleration.
What does Newton’s second law state about force and momentum?
When a force is applied to a mass over a specific time, the mass undergoes a change in momentum.
How does the magnitude of force affect the change in momentum?
The greater the force exerted on the object during the time interval, the greater the change in momentum experienced by that object.
Fill in the blank: Newton’s second law relates force to _______.
[change in momentum]
True or False: According to Newton’s second law, a mass does not change its momentum if no force is applied.
True
What is the relationship depicted in Newton’s second law?
The relationship between force and change in momentum.
True or False: The force during a collision is constant throughout the event.
False
The force changes over time during a collision.
During a collision, the force value is likely to _______.
change every millisecond.
When stating a force value for a collision, what should you remember?
It represents an average of all the changing force values.
This applies to virtually all collisions.
In the context of collisions, what does ‘average force’ mean?
The mean of all individual forces acting during the collision event.
What is the relationship between force, time interval, and change in momentum?
Δp–> = F–>Δt
This equation shows that the change in momentum depends on the force and the time interval in which it acts.
How can a change in momentum be achieved according to the text?
By a large force acting over a short time interval or a small force acting over a long time interval
This principle can be illustrated with examples like dogs pulling a sled.
Fill in the blank: The change in momentum is equal to the product of _______ and the time interval.
force
