A: Chemistry = Chemical Changes 2.4 Using Voltaic Cells Flashcards
What is the role of metals in human life?
Metals play a significant role in various applications and technologies.
What factors influence a metal’s susceptibility to corrosion?
Different rates of chemical reactivity.
Why does silver jewellery tarnish while gold jewellery does not?
Due to differences in chemical reactivity and susceptibility to corrosion.
What is an example of a beneficial effect of corrosion?
Copper artifacts were preserved by a protective layer of green corrosion (basic copper carbonate).
What key processes are involved in corrosion reactions?
Oxidation and reduction.
What is a voltaic cell?
A device that spontaneously produces electricity by redox reactions.
What do we commonly refer to a group of voltaic cells connected together?
A battery.
What does a battery of voltaic cells provide for devices?
A continuous flow or current of electrons.
How do components in a calculator utilize energy from a battery?
They convert the energy from the current into other work.
What happens to electrons as they leave one end of a voltaic cell?
Another group enters to maintain the flow.
Fill in the blank: A battery is a set of _______ cells joined to produce an electric current.
voltaic
True or False: A battery can consist of a single voltaic cell.
False
What causes the flow of electrons in a voltaic cell?
Reduction and oxidation reactions combining metals that lose and gain electrons.
What is a voltaic cell?
A voltaic cell uses the transfer of electrons between its chemical components to create an electric current that can flow through an external circuit.
How is the connection to the external circuit made in a voltaic cell?
Through wires that contact each electrode of the voltaic cell.
What happens to a substance that is oxidized in a voltaic cell?
It loses electrons.
What happens to a substance that is reduced in a voltaic cell?
It gains electrons.
What is the purpose of the investigation involving a voltaic cell?
To explore the oxidation and reduction reactions that occur inside a voltaic cell.
What is an electrode?
A solid electrical conductor in a cell that connects a cell to an external circuit.
What materials are needed to build a working voltaic cell?
2 beakers and a voltmeter (or digital multimeter).
True or False: A voltaic cell generates electricity through the flow of protons.
False.
Fill in the blank: A voltaic cell creates an electric current through the transfer of _______.
electrons.
What is the role of a voltmeter in the context of a voltaic cell?
To measure the electric current generated by the cell.
What is a voltaic cell?
A voltaic cell uses the transfer of electrons between its chemical components to create an electric current that can flow through an external circuit.
How is the connection to the external circuit made in a voltaic cell?
Through wires that contact each electrode of the voltaic cell.
What happens to a substance that is oxidized in a voltaic cell?
It loses electrons.
What happens to a substance that is reduced in a voltaic cell?
It gains electrons.
What is the purpose of the investigation involving a voltaic cell?
To explore the oxidation and reduction reactions that occur inside a voltaic cell.
What is an electrode?
A solid electrical conductor in a cell that connects a cell to an external circuit.
What materials are needed to build a working voltaic cell?
2 beakers and a voltmeter (or digital multimeter).
True or False: A voltaic cell generates electricity through the flow of protons.
False.
Fill in the blank: A voltaic cell creates an electric current through the transfer of _______.
electrons.
What is the role of a voltmeter in the context of a voltaic cell?
To measure the electric current generated by the cell.
What is the electrode called where oxidation occurs?
Anode
The anode is the electrode in a cell where the oxidation half-reaction occurs.
What is the electrode called where reduction occurs?
Cathode
The cathode is the electrode in a cell where the reduction half-reaction occurs.
Which metal is located below copper in the activity series?
Zinc
Zinc is located below copper, indicating it has a greater tendency to be oxidized.
What happens to the zinc electrode in the electrochemical cell?
Loses electrons
The zinc electrode is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons.
What happens to the copper electrode in the electrochemical cell?
Receives electrons
The copper electrode is reduced, meaning it receives electrons.
Fill in the blank: Anode and oxidation both begin with _______.
Vowels
Fill in the blank: Cathode and reduction both begin with _______.
Consonants
What tendency do metal atoms located closest to the bottom of the activity series have?
Greatest tendency to be oxidized
This indicates that they are more likely to lose electrons.
What is the role of the anode in an electrochemical cell?
Oxidation half-reaction occurs
The anode facilitates the oxidation process.
What is the role of the cathode in an electrochemical cell?
Reduction half-reaction occurs
The cathode facilitates the reduction process.
What is the ideal apparatus for learning about the operation of a voltaic cell?
A set-up with two beakers and a salt bridge.
What type of packaging do most people use for voltaic cells?
Small, sealed containers.
What are the cells commonly referred to as, even though they are not completely dry?
Dry cells.
What do dry cells actually contain as the electrolyte?
A moist paste.
True or False: If dry cells were completely dry, they would work properly.
False.
What is the oxidation reaction in a standard consumer cell?
Zn(s) → Zn(aq) + 2e
What is the reduction reaction in a standard consumer cell?
2 NH₄⁺(aq) + 2 MnO₂(s) + 2e → Mn₂O₄(s) + NH₃(g) + H₂O(l)
How many consumer cells are purchased every year in North America?
About three billion
What are the two strategies mentioned to help reduce environmental harm from consumer cells?
- Sending spent cells to local recycling centres
- Using rechargeable cells
True or False: The oxidation reaction of a consumer cell is more complex than the reduction reaction.
False
Fill in the blank: The oxidation and reduction processes in consumer cells rely on the principles of _______ and _______.
oxidation, reduction
What is a consequence of releasing metals and electrolytes from consumer cells into the environment?
They are harmful
What is one benefit of using rechargeable cells?
Reduces the number of cells needed over a product’s lifetime
What type of diagram is referenced in the context of a standard consumer cell?
S H asts diagram
What is the state of zinc in the oxidation reaction of a consumer cell?
Solid (s)
What do electrical devices, like MP3 players and portable CD players, require to function?
Energy from electrons
What is the purpose of a voltaic cell?
To create an electrical current through spontaneous oxidation and reduction reactions
How can the activity series for metals and metal ions be used?
To predict which electrode will be the anode and which will be the cathode
Where does oxidation occur in a voltaic cell?
At the anode
What is the role of the anode in a voltaic cell?
Source of electrons for an external circuit
Where do electrons flow from and to in a voltaic cell?
From the anode through the external circuit to the cathode
Where does reduction occur in a voltaic cell?
At the cathode
What is required to keep a voltaic cell working?
Replenishment of reactants
What do electrical devices, like MP3 players and portable CD players, require to function?
Energy from electrons
What is the purpose of a voltaic cell?
To create an electrical current through spontaneous oxidation and reduction reactions
How can the activity series for metals and metal ions be used?
To predict which electrode will be the anode and which will be the cathode
Where does oxidation occur in a voltaic cell?
At the anode
What is the role of the anode in a voltaic cell?
Source of electrons for an external circuit
Where do electrons flow from and to in a voltaic cell?
From the anode through the external circuit to the cathode
Where does reduction occur in a voltaic cell?
At the cathode
What is required to keep a voltaic cell working?
Replenishment of reactants
