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1. Science 20 > B: Physics = Changes in Motion 1.8 A Closer Look at Braking > Flashcards

B: Physics = Changes in Motion 1.8 A Closer Look at Braking Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of traction between tires and the roadway?

A

It plays a significant role in the ability of a vehicle to decelerate

Inadequate traction can lead to dangerous situations such as sliding through intersections.

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2
Q

What causes a vehicle to be unable to decelerate on icy roads?

A

The force of friction between the vehicle’s tires and the road is too low

This results in a lack of control over the vehicle’s movement.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the raised tread pattern on a tire?

A

To reduce slippage and allow the tire to effectively grip the road

This is essential for both braking and moving the vehicle.

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4
Q

How is friction classified?

A

As a push or a pull measured in newtons

It is considered a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.

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5
Q

What force pulls down on an apple held in a hand?

A

Gravity with a force of about 1 N

This is an example of a force acting on an object.

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6
Q

What can be required to stop a vehicle traveling at high speeds?

A

Thousands of newtons of force acting in the direction opposite to the velocity vector

This is necessary to bring the vehicle to a stop promptly.

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7
Q

What happens when a vehicle coasts at low speed on a level roadway?

A

Only hundreds of newtons of frictional forces from air and road resistance are produced

This is insufficient to stop the vehicle quickly.

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8
Q

What are the three frictional forces present when a vehicle is braking?

A
  • Force of air resistance
  • Force of road resistance
  • Force applied by the braking system

These forces act together to decelerate the vehicle.

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9
Q

What is the term used to describe the sum of all forces acting to slow the vehicle?

A

Net force

In this context, ‘net’ refers to the total of all forces acting in the same direction.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Friction is a push or a pull that is measured in _______.

A

newtons

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11
Q

True or False: The raised tread on tires is designed to increase slippage.

A

False

The raised tread is specifically designed to reduce slippage.

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12
Q

What role does traction between tires and the roadway play in vehicle deceleration?

A

It plays a significant role in the ability of a vehicle to decelerate

Insufficient traction can lead to vehicles sliding through intersections.

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13
Q

What is a common experience indicating low deceleration ability in vehicles?

A

Sliding straight through an intersection

This usually happens on icy winter roads.

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14
Q

What factor largely determines a vehicle’s deceleration on slippery surfaces?

A

The force of friction between the vehicle’s tires and the road

Low friction can prevent effective deceleration.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the raised tread pattern on a tire?

A

To reduce slippage and allow the tire to effectively grip the road

This friction is necessary for braking and moving the vehicle.

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16
Q

How is friction classified in physics?

A

As a vector

A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

17
Q

What is the approximate force with which gravity pulls down on a small apple?

A

About 1 N

N stands for newton, the unit of force.

18
Q

How many newtons of force may be needed to bring a vehicle to a stop?

A

Thousands of newtons

This is particularly true when the vehicle is moving at high speeds.

19
Q

What happens when a vehicle coasts at low speed on a level roadway?

A

It experiences only hundreds of newtons of frictional forces

These forces come from air and road resistance.

20
Q

What are the three frictional forces present when a vehicle is braking?

A
  • Force of air resistance
  • Force of road resistance
  • Force applied by the braking system

The combination of these forces contributes to the vehicle’s deceleration.

21
Q

What is the term used to describe the sum of all forces acting on a vehicle during braking?

A

Net force

In this context, ‘net’ means the total of all acting forces.

22
Q

True or False: The net force during braking always acts in the direction of the vehicle’s motion.

A

False

The net force acts in the opposite direction to slow the vehicle down.

23
Q

What is mass?

A

The quantity of matter in an object

Mass is a scalar quantity usually measured in kilograms.

24
Q

How does the mass of a vehicle affect deceleration?

A

A vehicle’s mass affects the rate of deceleration, with larger masses requiring earlier deceleration

A transport truck has a mass that is many thousands of kilograms greater than a typical passenger car.

25
Q

True or False: A truck driver must start the process of deceleration sooner than a passenger car driver when approaching a red light.

A

True

This is due to the greater mass of the truck.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The mass of a transport truck is many thousands of kilograms greater than that of a _______.

A

typical passenger car

27
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

A

A law stating that an object will accelerate in the direction of the net force.

28
Q

What is the equation that expresses Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

A

F = ma

29
Q

In the equation F = ma, what does ‘F’ represent?

A

‘F’ represents net force.

30
Q

In the equation F = ma, what does ‘m’ represent?

A

‘m’ represents mass.

31
Q

In the equation F = ma, what does ‘a’ represent?

A

‘a’ represents acceleration.

32
Q

What are the units of force in the context of Newton’s Second Law?

A

N = (kg) (m/s²)

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The unit of force, the newton, is defined in terms of the equation _______.

A

F = ma

34
Q

True or False: Newton’s Second Law can be expressed in terms of acceleration instead of net force.

A

True

35
Q

What does the term ‘net force’ refer to in Newton’s Second Law?

A

The overall force acting on an object after all the forces are combined.

36
Q

What is the relationship between the direction of the net force and acceleration when braking a vehicle?

A

Both oppose the motion of the vehicle in the positive direction.

37
Q

When braking, how are the net force and acceleration described in relation to the vehicle’s motion?

A

They are negative.

38
Q

True or False: During braking, the net force and acceleration act in the same direction as the vehicle’s motion.

A

False.

1. Science 20 (52 decks)

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